The incubation period of monkeypox virus is 5-21 days, mostly 6-13 days. Early onset of chills, fever, body temperature mostly above 38.5 ℃, may be accompanied by headache, drowsiness, fatigue, back pain and myalgia and other symptoms. Most patients present with enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, axilla, groin and other areas. Rash appears 1-3 days after the onset of the disease. The rash first appears on the face and gradually spreads to the limbs and other parts of the body. The rash is usually distributed in a centrifugal pattern, and is more common on the face and limbs than on the trunk, and can appear on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, and the number of rashes ranges from a few to several thousand; it can also involve the oral mucosa, the gastrointestinal tract, the genitals, the conjunctiva, and the cornea. The rash undergoes several stages of changes from macules, papules, herpes, pustules to scabs. Herpes and pustules are mostly spherical, about 0.5-1 cm in diameter, hard, and may be accompanied by obvious itching and pain. From the onset of the disease until the scabs fall off about 2-4 weeks. After the scabs fall off, erythema or hyperpigmentation may remain, or even scarring, which may last for several years. Complications may occur in some patients, including secondary bacterial infections at the site of the lesions, bronchopneumonia, encephalitis, corneal infections, sepsis, and so on. Monkeypox is a self-limiting disease with a favorable prognosis in most cases. If a patient suspects that he/she is infected with the monkeypox virus or has similar symptoms, he/she should be isolated promptly and be diagnosed and treated by a healthcare provider under standardized arrangements.