The hip and knee joints are complex load-bearing joints, and under load, the prosthesis is subjected to a combination of tension, compression, torsion and interface shear and repeated fatigue and wear. Therefore, the prosthetic material must have medium strength, plasticity and fatigue, wear and corrosion resistance. The safe load capacity of the entire joint should be at least 7 times its body weight. In addition, due to the long-term implantation of the prosthesis, the material should have good biocompatibility, non-toxic side effects, resistance to chemical and electrochemical corrosion of body fluids, and it is also desired that the specific gravity is light and the elastic modulus is close to that of human cortical bone. In view of this situation, there are strict requirements for the materials used in the production of artificial joints. Different components of the artificial joint are made of different materials and the artificial joint prosthesis is fixed to the bone tissue by an appropriate method, and the joint surface of the prosthesis is polished. Currently, cobalt, titanium and steel-based alloy metal materials make up the surfaces of the femoral head of the artificial hip joint and the femoral condyles of the knee joint, ultra-high polymer polyethylene materials make up the acetabular shares of the artificial hip joint and the tibial plateau part of the artificial knee joint, and polymethyl methacrylate bone cement is used for fixing the artificial joint prosthesis to the bone tissue. In recent years, new research results have been applied to the clinical practice of artificial joint replacement. Bioceramic materials are being developed and widely used in clinical practice; pretreatment of the prosthesis surface to increase the fixation effect of the prosthesis and bone and prevent loosening and detachment; changing the chemical composition of the alloy and improving the processing process to solve the problems of wear, fatigue fracture and loosening of the prosthesis stem; new techniques of using bone cement and the design of the prosthesis shape that is more in line with the biomechanical properties of the human body have improved the fixation effect of the prosthesis and reduced the complications of prosthesis loosening; improve surgical techniques and design more precise surgical positioning installation instruments, which are now designed with increasing precision to ensure good positioning of the prosthesis in most cases. Commonly used artificial joint implant materials are: 1, metal alloys; 2, polymer materials; 3, ceramic materials. Commonly used metals can be divided into titanium-based (titanium and titanium alloys), cobalt-based (cobalt-chromium, cobalt-nickel alloy, cobalt-chromium-molybdenum, etc.) and iron-based (stainless steel) 3 categories. Polymer materials refer to ultra-high polymer polyethylene, which is mainly used to make acetabular cup prosthesis and acetabular cup prosthesis lining. Alumina and zirconia ceramics have good inert stability and can be used in artificial joints for the cephalic portion of the artificial total hip joint. In both in vivo and in vitro experiments, the abrasion and wear rates of the artificial joint surfaces of alumina and zirconia were significantly reduced. Depending on the material of the artificial total hip cephalic socket, the components of the articular surfaces are: 1. metal-polyethylene; 2. ceramic-polyethylene; 3. metal-metal; 4. ceramic-ceramic. The first two of these combinations are currently the commonly used approach. In recent years, the latter two combinations have been used more and more and are standing the test of time. According to the different fixation methods of artificial total hip prosthesis, they are divided into: 1. non-cemented biological fixation; 2. cemented fixation.