Pneumoconiosis is a disease caused by the retention of dust in the lungs and is characterized by diffuse fibrosis of the lung tissue. Early imaging examination mostly shows small round or irregular shadows diffusely distributed in both lungs, while in the middle and late stages, it shows the aggregation of small shadows or the appearance of large shadows of more than 1cm. The main symptoms are respiratory symptoms, including cough, sputum, chest pain, hemoptysis, dyspnea and other symptoms. 1. Cough and sputum: cough due to dust irritation and respiratory tract inflammation, or reflex cough. The degree of coughing and the amount of sputum are closely related to bronchitis or secondary infection of the lungs, but not consistent with the degree of pneumoconiosis. 2. Chest pain: it is mostly located in one or both sides of the middle and upper part of the chest, which is not related to breathing, position and labor, and often occurs on cloudy and rainy days and when the climate is changing. 3. Hemoptysis: a few patients may have sputum and blood. If there is repeated hemoptysis in large quantities, the combination of tuberculosis or bronchiectasis should be considered. 4. Dyspnea: with the aggravation of the disease, symptoms such as dyspnea gradually appear. The degree of dyspnea is related to the scope and nature of the lesion. Pneumoconiosis is a progressive chronic disease of the lungs that can be complicated by recurrent lung infections, pulmonary heart disease, respiratory failure, combined tuberculosis, and lung cancer. Once diagnosed, one should get out of the pneumoconiosis environment, consult a doctor in time, and actively treat the disease under the doctor’s guidance for a good prognosis.