Energy saving techniques are methods of redesigning activities of daily living (ADLs) to reduce fatigue levels after an assessment of the case. Energy-saving techniques are utilized to help the patient improve respiratory efficiency and reduce additional skeletal muscle work. Activities of daily living are subdivided into basic activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living. Basic activities of daily living intervention, within 4 weeks after discharge from the hospital, focuses on improving the ability of basic activities of daily living, and for severe and critically ill patients, who are limited in basic activities of daily living due to respiratory distress, can be instructed to learn the following methods to reduce oxygen consumption: firstly, activities of daily living such as transferring, grooming, toileting, bathing, and so on can be assessed, and the focus of the assessment is to understand that, when performing these The focus of the assessment is to know whether there are factors such as dyspnea, pain, or weakness in performing these activities of daily living, and then provide appropriate technical support after the problem is clarified. For patients with severe and critical illnesses, there may be joint contracture, muscle atrophy, limb pain, etc. due to prolonged bed rest, which should be combined with the use of medication and physical factor therapy, bracing and stretching, etc., to carry out comprehensive daily living activities intervention. For the dysfunction of activities of daily living caused by dyspnea, it is necessary to consider the patient’s respiratory function, aerobic activity ability, limb strength and other factors, and then instruct the patient to learn to master energy-saving techniques, or the use of auxiliary aids, and intervene in a compensatory way, the specific content is as follows: 1. First of all, it includes turning over, sitting up and standing up. (1) Turn over, ask the patient to bend both knees to 90 °, and then turn the head to the side you want to turn over, hands forward, handshake, upper and lower limbs at the same time to the side to turn the head tilt, pay attention to the process of abdominal muscles as much as possible not to force, to prevent breath holding, with the exhalation of air, to complete the turn over, the use of axial turn over can be very good to avoid the abdominal force, to achieve energy saving purposes, in the process of turning over to maintain uniform breathing, do not hold your breath. (2) Sit up, ask the patient to maintain the posture of turning over, place the legs under the bed, raise the head to the oblique top, and support the bed with both hands in turn with exhalation to complete the sitting up. Utilize the strength of the limbs to disperse the burden on the core muscles of the waist and abdomen, so that sitting up becomes easy and feasible. (Note: maintain even breathing during the sitting up process, do not hold your breath.) (3) stand up, when sitting on the bed, feet apart and shoulder width, heels slide back so that the knees fall in front of the toes, the torso lean forward to the hips away from the support surface, exhale and stretch the knees to complete the stand, sitting in a chair can also be in accordance with this method of standing. For the weak or balance dysfunction patients, you can use the walking frame to help complete the stand, the walking frame will be adjusted to the same height as the greater trochanter, the upper arm and the forearm at an angle of 150 °, ask the patient to hold both ends of the handrail, feet apart and shoulder-width apart, the heel slides back, so that the knees fall in front of the toes, the torso leaning forward to the hips away from the support surface, the exhalation of upper and lower limbs at the same time, to complete the stand up. Using a walking frame can be a good way to utilize the strength of the upper extremities to help complete standing up, but always remember to keep your feet from moving during standing up to make standing up safer. In the process of standing up to maintain uniform breathing, do not hold your breath, such as training symptoms are not relieved or aggravated, please consult a doctor in time; 2, walking: in the process of walking, in order to maintain balance and maintain stability, it requires a lot of muscles involved in the contraction in order to complete, which will increase the body’s oxygen consumption, you can use the appropriate walking aid to make walking smooth and easy, the right walking aid can help increase the support surface of the A suitable walking aid can help to increase the area of the support surface, and can also reduce oxygen consumption by utilizing the support of the upper limb strength. In the process of walking, the respiratory ratio should be maintained at 2:1 to keep the blood oxygen in the appropriate range, and the respiratory rhythm should be controlled to prevent the heart rate from accelerating and the blood oxygen from decreasing due to the disorders of respiratory ratio. 3. Clothing: For patients with respiratory difficulties who need to inhale oxygen, it is recommended that they wear cardigan clothes to prevent the wheezing under the oxygen when wearing pullover, and pay attention to the hands but not the shoulders in the process of wearing clothes. When wearing a pullover, the clothing should be pre-sleeved on the forearm and the oxygen line should be organized, the oxygen should be taken off, and the one-time dressing should be done quickly. After completing the headgear action, wear the oxygen tube first and then organize the clothes to reduce the time away from oxygen; 4. Shoes: for patients with respiratory distress, they should avoid bending down to put on the shoes because the abdominal contents will limit the diaphragm movement, so it is recommended to use the long shoe puller in the sitting position, and the patient who puts on the shoes should be sitting on the solid and stable support surface which is a little bit higher than the calf of the leg of 10cm, and finish putting on the shoes with the long shoe puller, and if the symptom is not relieved during the training or there is aggravation, please consult a doctor promptly. If the symptoms are not relieved or aggravated during the training, please consult a doctor in time; 5, face washing: for patients with respiratory distress, they should avoid bending over to wash their faces because the abdominal cavity contents will limit the diaphragm movement, so it is recommended to take a sitting position, in order to reduce the consumption of oxygen, the upper limbs can be supported on the desktop, and they can use the face wiping to replace the face washing, to avoid the oxygen away from the face, and don’t hold the breath during the process; 6, brushing: it is recommended to try to stand when brushing the teeth, look ahead, avoid bending over and lowering the head because the abdominal cavity contents will limit the diaphragm movement. Contents will limit the diaphragm movement, affecting respiration, unable to stand when brushing teeth can be carried out in a sitting position, the upper limbs will be supported on the sink, in order to reduce oxygen consumption, gargling can be used in two cups, one cup for water, one cup for spitting water, rapid alternation to reduce the time of breath-holding; 7, eating: if the patient can sit alone, take a seated position to eat, those who can not sit alone can be used to sit half-recumbent position to eat, can not be alone to eat, caregivers can use a 30 ° angle, the patient can take a seated position, the caregiver can use a 30 ° angle, the caregiver can use a 30 ° angle. For those who can’t sit alone, the caregiver can feed them in 30° reclining position. In the process of feeding, try to make sure that the food is not more than 10 ml at one time (about half a spoon at a time), and finish swallowing at the end of inhalation, and lower the head instead of tilting the head to avoid choking and coughing; 8. Bathing: When taking a bath, you should choose the non-slip shower stool, non-slip mat, and the long-handled bathing brush and cap to help you to take a bath. Shower stools allow showering in a seated position, which can play a good role in reducing physical exertion for patients who are unable to stand, or who have no way to maintain standing for a certain period of time. The non-slip mat increases safety, and the long-handled shower brush allows the patient to reach a greater distance with a smaller range of motion, reducing energy consumption and saving physical energy. When the water flows down from above, it will cover the face, affecting breathing and causing choking if not careful. At this time the shower cap can block the water flow into the eyes, nose and ears, play a good role in protection, to ensure smooth breathing. It should be noted that: (1) oxygen, if needed, can be passed in from under the door with a long oxygen tube, (2) too much humidity will cause breathing difficulties, it is recommended to maintain good ventilation, (3) for patients who can stand up to take a shower, it is necessary to be equipped with a handrail, to prevent one-legged stand when slipping or falling. Source: Dr. Yurai