Introduction Myoma of uterus is composed of smooth muscle tissue and connective tissue, also known as leiomyoma of uterus, and is the most common benign tumor in female reproductive organs. 1.Incidence rate Various clinical statistics show that the incidence of uterine fibroids accounts for about 20%-25% of women of childbearing age (ACOG, 1994), and uterine fibroids are mostly seen in women aged 30-50, with the incidence rate of women aged 40-50 being as high as 51.2-60%. In China, the incidence of fibroids is only 4%-11% in clinical statistics. However, the prevalence of uterine fibroids only reflects the percentage of fibroids related to symptoms, and most fibroids are asymptomatic, so many patients are missed because they are asymptomatic or the fibroids are small and not easily detected clinically. The origin of uterine fibroids is not yet agreed upon, some believe it is produced by the proliferation of immature smooth muscle cells of the uterine wall, others believe it occurs in the smooth muscle tissue of the uterine vascular wall. Studies have also found that sex steroid hormones play a key regulatory role in the development of uterine fibroids, with estrogen being a key promoter of fibroid growth, as evidenced by the rare occurrence of fibroids before puberty and the reduction of fibroids after menopause. The same progesterone and estrogen both influence each other to promote the growth of fibroids. 3.Pathology The fibroids are solid tumors, which can grow in any part of the uterus singly or in multiple places. The fibroids do not have envelope, but only compress the surrounding muscle wall fibers to form a pseudo envelope, which is the source of blood supply for the fibroids. When the fibroids are cut open, the surface is pale grayish white and swirling or woven structures are visible, which are closely arranged. Microscopically, uterine leiomyomas are mainly composed of spindle-shaped smooth muscle cells and unequal amounts of fibrous connective tissue. The smooth muscle cells were uniform in size and arranged in a fenestrated or swirled structure. The cells were shuttle-shaped in longitudinal section, with uniform size and rod-shaped nuclei; the cells were round and polygonal in transverse section, with round nuclei in the center and abundant cytoplasm. The amount of smooth muscle cells and fibrous connective tissue content in leiomyoma is related to the stiffness of uterine leiomyoma. Degeneration The main cause of degeneration is due to insufficient local blood supply of uterine fibroids, which can be divided into vitreous degeneration, cystic degeneration, red degeneration, fatty degeneration, calcification, infection, malignant degeneration, etc. Each microscopic performance is different and has its own characteristics. Treatment (1) Conservative treatment is divided into expectant therapy and pharmacological treatment mainly for asymptomatic small fibroids or women who are near menopause, expecting the fibroids to shrink naturally after menopause, generally expectant therapy is to review every 3-6 months, pharmacological treatment includes gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa), mifepristone, progesterone and herbal treatment. (2) Surgical treatment The scope of surgery for uterine fibroids includes myomectomy, total hysterectomy and subtotal hysterectomy. The surgical route can be transabdominal, transvaginal and hysteroscopic or laparoscopic surgery.