For mothers, repeated milk blockage and rising milk during breastfeeding, resulting in mastitis, etc. is a topic that must be avoided. In order to let mothers know about this problem, so that they can have a clear understanding of it and get timely treatment, we are now going to popularize the relevant knowledge to you. (1) What is mastitis? Lactational mastitis is an inflammatory reaction of the mammary gland, with or without bacterial infection, based on the accumulation of milk for various reasons. Clinical manifestations include breast pain, poor milk discharge, localized lumps in the mammary gland, wedge-shaped or irregular in shape, which can occur in any part of the breast, redness, swelling, heat and pain in the breast skin, elevated skin temperature in the area of the lesion, and tenderness; systemic symptoms include fever, with a temperature of up to 39-40 degrees Celsius, accompanied by chills, generalized sweating, dizziness, and fatigue. (2) What are the common causes of mastitis? Risk factors for breastfeeding mastitis: a. cracked nipples, mostly caused by incorrect articulation posture during breastfeeding; b. breast trauma, such as breast compression, kicked by infants and children, and massaged with force to cause localized injury to the breast, tissue edema, and localized pressure; c. excessive milk due to over-emptying of the breasts; and d. long intervals between breastfeeding. (3) How is lactational mastitis treated? The principle of treatment for lactational mastitis is to ensure adequate rest, not to interrupt breastfeeding, to remove milk effectively, to use antibiotics and painkillers reasonably, and to replenish fluids appropriately if necessary. For abscess formation, minimally invasive treatment is advocated. a. The main purpose of local treatment is to reduce local edema, effectively discharge the stagnant milk, and facilitate the dissipation of inflammation. Breast massage effective breast massage can discharge the stagnant milk, stimulate the lactation reflex, keep the milk ducts open, reduce breast swelling. Precautions:Before massage, pay attention to hand washing, keep warm, massage strength should be moderate, avoid violent massage, should avoid causing pain massage and various forms of strong pressure, because it will increase the damage to the breast tissue and edema, thus aggravating the condition. b. The use of breast pump: recommend the use of electric breast pump for breast pumping treatment, you can wear the appropriate size of the breast pump shield, through the stimulation of lactation reflex to promote milk discharge. Note that the suction force should be moderate and the suction time should not be too long. When using a breast pump, the most important thing is to place the breast shields in the correct position. This method is suitable for all breastfeeding patients, and is not suitable for those with severe edema in the central region, as the breastshield will compress the central region and aggravate the local edema. c. Wet compresses for inflamed areas (red, swollen, painful areas): 25% magnesium sulfate wet compresses, 20 minutes each time, 3 times a day; 3% hypertonic saline wet compresses, 20 minutes each time, 3 times a day. This method is suitable for patients with localized skin redness and swelling, and it is forbidden to be used in skin breakage. d. Systemic therapy antibiotic therapy (1) antibiotic use. Before obtaining the results of drug sensitivity test, it is recommended to use enzyme-resistant penicillins (e.g., benzathine sodium), cephalosporins of the first generation (e.g., cefradine) or cephalosporins of the second generation (e.g., cefmetazole); in the case of allergy to penicillin or cephalosporins, it is recommended to use macrolides (e.g., erythromycin, azithromycin) or lincosamide antibiotics (e.g., clindamycin; however, clindamycin may be caused by the application of the mother who has been delivering for 1 month). Pseudomembranous enteritis in infants should be emphasized). Antibiotics should be used in full dosage and course, and the recommended course of antibiotics is 10-14 d. Indications for discontinuation of antibiotics include disappearance of local signs and normalization of body temperature.