One of the symptoms of malaria infection is that Plasmodium can be found in blood, bone marrow or sputum smears. Blood marrow or sputum smear to find Plasmodium is a method to check the disease. In the epidemic period of such disease, Plasmodium is more acute, with high fever and chills, coma and convulsions. The sudden high fever, chills and coma in infants and children in the epidemic area have a lot of impact on the health of the body and should be examined and treated in a timely manner to prevent the occurrence of other internal diseases. Differential diagnosis of Plasmodium found in blood marrow or sputum smear: sepsis Malaria with acute high fever and fever retention or flaccidity is similar to sepsis. However, sepsis has severe systemic toxicity; focal inflammation or metastatic septic lesions; elevated total white blood cell count and neutrophils; blood cultures may show pathogenic bacterial growth. Leptospirosis This disease is prevalent in the autumn harvest season and is closely related to the exposure to epidemic water. The typical clinical symptoms are “cold, heat, soreness and fatigue, red eyes and sore legs with large lymph” for differentiation. Filariasis Acute filariasis sometimes needs to be differentiated from malaria, and the differentiation is mainly based on centrifugal lymphangitis, and microfilariae are found in blood films. Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever usually have an indifferent onset, persistent high fever, often without chills and sweating, hearing loss, relatively slow pulse, rose rash, leukopenia, loss of eosinophils, positive mastocytosis, positive blood or bone marrow cultures, etc. It is not difficult to differentiate. Acute schistosomiasis The diagnosis of schistosomiasis can be confirmed by coming from an endemic area, recent exposure to epidemic water, rash, markedly increased eosinophils, positive schistosome skin test, and positive stool hatching. Other cases, such as cornual tuberculosis and biliary tract infection causing long-range fever, should also be distinguished. Cerebral malaria This disease is easily confused with epidemic B encephalitis, toxic dysentery, and heat stroke. It is usually necessary to carefully and repeatedly look for Plasmodium. Stool routine and culture should also be done for toxic dysentery. If you are not sure, you can treat with antimalarial drugs first and wait for the result.