Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor originating from the gastric epithelium, and is the most common malignant tumor of the digestive system. In the past 20 years, the global incidence rate of gastric cancer has shown a decreasing trend, which may be related to factors such as socio-economic development, change in diet structure and improvement in medical technology, but the change in mortality rate is not obvious. The annual number of new gastric cancer cases in China accounts for about 1/3 of the global incidence, and the incidence rate and mortality rate have long been the top of various malignant tumors before 1990s. The incidence of gastric cancer varies by gender, age, race, economic status, country and region. The incidence and mortality rate of stomach cancer in men are higher than those in women, and the ratio of men to women is about 2 to 3:1. Stomach cancer can occur at different ages, but middle and old people are the most common, with 40 to 60 years old being the high incidence age group, and about 2/3 of all patients have the disease at this stage. The occurrence and development of gastric cancer are related to socio-economic status, and the incidence and mortality rate are usually higher in the low-income class. The mortality rate of gastric cancer is negatively correlated with the annual per capita food ration standard and positively correlated with the amount of moldy food consumed. Geographically, North America, Western Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and Israel have low incidence of gastric cancer, while Japan, China, Chile, Costa Rica, Ireland, and Russia are high incidence areas. The incidence of gastric cancer in China varies greatly among different regions. The high incidence areas are in the northwest, Liaodong Peninsula, Shandong Peninsula and coastal areas of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, with Qinghai, Ningxia and Gansu being the most obvious, while the low incidence areas are in the central and southwest regions, especially in the two provinces and Guizhou. Environmental factors are closely related to the development of gastric cancer. Its distribution is somehow related to soil composition. High peat soil, acidic soil, volcanic organic matter soil, tertiary geology, high nitrate soil and water, imbalance of trace element ratio and chemical pollution are all high incidence factors of gastric cancer. The high incidence of gastric cancer among workers in coal mine, asbestos and rubber industries suggests that its occurrence has some relationship with occupational exposure. Stomach cancer incidence is closely related to living habits and dietary factors. Most scholars believe that the occurrence of gastric cancer is related to the continuous attack of certain carcinogenic factors on human body through people’s diet and poor eating style. The relationship between nitrosamines and gastric cancer has attracted attention. Studies related to food and gastric cancer mortality have revealed many dietary risk factors. A comprehensive analysis of foods related to gastric cancer has the following basic characteristics: high salt, high starch, low fat, low (animal) protein, lack of fresh vegetables and fruits; related food processing methods include pickling and smoking, fermentation, frying and so on. The way of eating also has influence on stomach cancer, such as overeating, dry, hard, hot, fast food and irregular meals are all related to the occurrence of stomach cancer. The negative correlation between regular consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits and gastric cancer has been unanimously concluded in most studies. Fresh vegetables and fruits contain a large amount of vitamins, and their reduced content in the body may increase the activity of various free radicals, depress cellular immune function, and obstruct intercellular linkage traffic. Vitamin C has a high affinity for nitrites and blocks the formation of nitrosamines and other substances. The relative risk of gastric cancer in smokers compared to non-smokers is 1.5 to 1.6, and it is estimated that there are more than 80,000 cases of gastric cancer related to smoking each year worldwide. Tobacco and tobacco smoke contain many carcinogens and carcinogenic substances, such as benzo(a)pyrene, dimethylnitrosamines, phenolic compounds, etc. Other serious harmful substances include nicotine, carbon monoxide and tobacco tar. These substances can enter the stomach with saliva and act in contact with the gastric mucosa, and their effects are enhanced with the increase in the amount and duration of smoking. Also, smoking increases the cancer rate of precancerous lesions. The relationship between alcohol consumption and gastric cancer has not been fully established, but it is generally believed that the risk of drinking strong alcohol is higher than that of drinking low alcohol such as beer. Some researchers believe that there is a synergistic effect of smoking and alcohol consumption in the development of gastric cancer. In addition, Helicobacter pylori infection, genetic factors, precancerous diseases such as chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric ulcer, residual stomach and gastric polyps are all predisposing factors for gastric cancer; adverse psychosomatic factors can cause autonomic dysfunction and reduce autoimmunity, which are related to the occurrence of gastric cancer. In Chinese medicine, there is no name for gastric cancer, and its descriptions are separately recorded in “stomach pain”, “regurgitation”, “choking and hiccup”, “fulang” and “accumulation”. It has been described in “stomach pain”, “regurgitation”, “choking and hiccup”, “fulang”, “accumulation”, “Y obstruction” and other diseases. The Jin Kui Yao Yao says: “The stomach regurgitation is called “vomiting in the morning, vomiting in the evening, vomiting in the evening, and the persistent grain does not transform.” The Golden Guide to Medicine has a more detailed description of the causes and clinical phenomena of gastric cancer: “Three Yang heat knots, the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, the three provinces of heat knots do not disperse, burning refining fluids …… cardia is dry, the path of incorporating water and grain is narrow, so food can not go down, for choking; pylorus is dry, the path of releasing decay Narrow, so the food into the opposite out, for the stomach also.” According to Chinese medicine, long-term dietary disorders, emotional and mental disorders, internal injuries caused by fatigue or external evil can lead to malfunction of internal organs and meridians and imbalance of yin and yang, resulting in a series of pathological changes such as food accumulation, qi stagnation, blood stasis, phlegm knot, and congestion of evil toxins, which eventually lead to Y obstruction and cancer. The pathogenesis of gastric cancer is based on the weakness of the spleen and stomach, while qi stagnation, blood stasis, phlegm coagulation and toxic nodules are the symptoms. Since the occurrence of gastric cancer is a multi-factorial and multi-step biological process, the current treatment adopts multiple means. The principle of treatment is to focus on surgical resection in early stage, and minimally invasive techniques such as endoscopic gastric mucosal resection (EMR) are gradually gaining attention in recent years; for progressive gastric cancer, comprehensive treatment centering on surgery and chemotherapy should be carried out.