Allergic rhinitis is a common pediatric disease. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in adolescents aged 13-14 years is 14.6%, out of more than 1 million worldwide. Allergic rhinitis usually presents with symptoms such as runny nose, nasal congestion, tearing, nasal itching and sleep disturbances. These symptoms can occur throughout the year and can seriously affect the quality of life of children. Allergic rhinitis is a multifactorial disease that is triggered by a combination of genes and the environment. Risk factors for allergic rhinitis may be present in all age groups. Common allergens include dust mites, animal hair dander, fungi and pollen. Allergic rhinitis and asthma The close relationship between allergic rhinitis and asthma has received extensive clinical attention. Treatment of allergic rhinitis can control asthma. Allergic rhinitis is a high-risk factor for asthma, and rhinitis can exacerbate asthma attacks and increase the risk of asthma development. Conversely, if effective control measures for allergic rhinitis are taken early in the course of the attack, recurrent asthma attacks can be reduced or even avoided. Diagnosis of allergic rhinitis Children with allergic rhinitis usually have symptoms such as sneezing, nasal congestion and nasal itching, which may be accompanied by eye symptoms such as itchy eyes and conjunctival congestion. Children can be tested with allergen skin prick test and serum specific IgE test. Allergen testing can find the real cause of allergy and avoid allergens to achieve targeted prevention and treatment. Anterior rhinoscopy is the best test to diagnose for young children. Treatment of allergic rhinitis In recent years, the treatment of allergic rhinitis includes avoidance of allergen contact, nasal rinsing, medication, and specific immunotherapy, etc.. 1.Avoidance of allergen contact. 2.Nasal rinsing. Nasal rinsing with saline is an inexpensive and effective treatment for allergic rhinitis. Hypertonic saline rinsing of the nasal cavity for two weeks can significantly reduce itching, congestion, runny nose, sneezing and other symptoms and can reduce the use of antihistamines. Saline rinsing can enhance the mucus cilia transport function, reduce mucosal edema, reduce inflammatory mediators, effectively remove nasal bacteria, and mechanically clear the concentrated mucus in the nasal cavity. 3.Medication. Medications for allergic rhinitis in children include oral or nasal antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids and leukotriene receptor antagonists…. Antihistamines, currently, antihistamines are divided into first-generation antihistamines (such as paracetamol) and second-generation antihistamines (such as cetirizine). The first generation antihistamines are being phased out because they tend to cause suppression of the central system and affect the normal life of children. The second generation antihistamines have fast onset, strong anti-sensitizing effect, high efficacy, few side effects, long duration of efficacy, and can significantly reduce nasal allergy symptoms score 4. nasal corticosteroids. Solid alcohol glucocorticoids play a key role in inhibiting allergic reaction. Both mometasone furoate and fluticasone propionate are approved for use in children over 6 years of age. 5.Other drug therapy. Anti-leukotriene drugs (e.g., montelukast) are indicated for intermittent and persistent allergic rhinitis and are the third-line treatment for allergic rhinitis, especially in children with allergic rhinitis combined with asthma. Anti-leukotriene drugs reduce bronchospasm and reduce the inflammatory response. And montelukast, as a long-acting anti-leukotriene drug, is indicated for children over 6 years of age. Nasal decongestants can relieve nasal congestion but do not help other symptoms. However, long-term use tends to produce rebound nasal congestion. Guidelines for allergic rhinitis and its effect on asthma do not recommend the use of nasal decongestants for allergic rhinitis in children. 6. Immunotherapy. Immunotherapy, or desensitization, can induce immune tolerance to allergens in children and prevent further development of allergic rhinitis, while improving their quality of life. Immunotherapy is usually used for children over 5 years of age. In addition, specific immunotherapy can reduce the risk of asthma in patients with allergic rhinitis. Thus, immunotherapy may reduce the burden and risk of asthma in patients with allergic rhinitis when maximum drug doses are not effective in controlling allergic rhinitis symptoms.