1.The causes of congenital heart disease? How to prevent it? This is a question that many parents of congenital children need to know urgently, and it is also a concern for some young couples who will soon become fathers and mothers. There are many causes of congenital heart disease, but they can be broadly classified into two categories, namely genetic factors and environmental factors. What are the environmental factors that can cause congenital heart disease? (1) Viral infections (2) Drugs and chemical factors (3) Radiation (4) Nutritional deficiencies In addition to environmental factors, genetic factors do exist in children with congenital heart disease. However, these patients represent a very low percentage of the total number of children with congenital heart disease. It is not clear about the mode of inheritance. In addition to these factors introduced above, some phenomena related to the occurrence of heart malformations can be found in clinical practice, for example, the incidence of heart malformations increases with the age of pregnant women; the children of mothers with endocrine or metabolic diseases, etc. are also prone to congenital heart disease. 2.What are the manifestations of congenital heart disease? Congenital heart disease is divided into two types: cyanotic and non-cyanotic. The former is mainly manifested by cyanosis of the lips and extremities, pestle finger, thoracic deformity and heart murmur. In the latter case, in addition to thoracic deformity and heart murmur, they also show poor body condition, difficulty in feeding, excessive sweating, shortness of breath, easy to catch cold and pneumonia. Once the above-mentioned manifestations appear, you should go to the hospital for examination in time. 3.When is it good for children with congenital heart disease to have surgery? When to operate for children with congenital heart disease should be decided according to the condition. Different kinds of congenital heart disease have different indications for surgery, and the age requirements are also different. Therefore, the best time to operate for congenital heart disease should depend on the specific condition of the child. For the most common precardiac diseases: atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus, the timing of surgery depends on the size of the defect, such as large defect, large fractional flow, severe pulmonary congestion, often accompanied by heart failure, pneumonia and other co-morbidities, early surgery should be performed, which can be performed in infancy (within 1 year). For children with cyanotic precordial disease, such as tetralogy of Fallot with frequent episodes of hypoxia, pulmonary venous ectopic drainage and other serious conditions, surgery should be performed in infancy. If the condition is not very severe tetralogy of Fallot, surgery can be performed around 6 months to 1 year of age with better results. For severe cardiovascular malformations, such as aortic dislocation, the need for surgery in the neonatal period should be decided according to the different conditions of the child in order to improve the success rate, long-term results and save the life of the child.