Mental retardation, often referred to as “mental retardation”, refers to a group of syndromes characterized by incomplete or impaired intellectual development and difficulties in social adjustment caused by biological and psychosocial factors during the developmental stage of an individual (usually before the age of 18). Its causes include genetic factors, prenatal, perinatal and postnatal brain injuries. This disease is one of the main diseases leading to human disability, so prevention is very important. Specific measures include: 1. Strengthening health education, carrying out genetic counseling, prohibiting consanguineous marriage, appropriate late marriage and late childbearing, and avoiding pregnancy at an advanced age; 2. Strengthening health care during pregnancy, avoiding unfavorable factors in the mother’s pregnancy, doing a good job of prenatal checkups, avoiding pregnancy complications, and avoiding pathological deliveries; 3. Conducting screening for newborns for genetic metabolic diseases and other diseases, and conducting regular intellectual follow-ups on infants and young children to do a good job in child health care, and avoiding various high-risk factors that lead to the disease; 4. Various high-risk factors; 4. High-risk children should be closely observed, and suspected children should be detected, diagnosed and intervened early.