Malignant tumors are a large group of diseases, which are common and multi-infections. Some people have some knowledge and understanding about its occurrence and treatment, but the general public often have several misunderstandings when they are in contact with such diseases, and knowing these misunderstandings has a positive effect on improving people’s awareness of cancer prevention and treatment. Several common misconceptions are introduced as follows: 1. Tumor cells are also found in normal human body. Only when these cells are subjected to certain cancer-promoting factors, tumor cells will continue to develop, multiply in large numbers and gradually increase in malignancy, which is the normal evolutionary process of tumor cells. As tumor cells, they all share common biological characteristics, i.e. the key biological characteristics that make tumors malignant are dysregulation of proliferation and differentiation regulation, ceaseless and disorderly cell division and infiltration and metastasis. Among them, cancer-promoting factors play a key role. Certain bad habits of people such as smoking, spicy food, drinking high alcohol and overheated tea, various environmental pollution, drinking water pollution, ionizing radiation, etc. are all cancer-promoting factors of common tumors. 2.Surgery can not completely remove the tumor. Because tumor is like crab, its branches and vines have penetrated into normal tissues, which cannot be seen by naked eyes, and sometimes pathological test can’t help. For example, lung cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer and other tumors, the masses are above 1cm when the lesions are found. At this time, the tumors have established their own blood supply vessels, together with the tumor tissues infiltrating into the normal tissues, and some tumor cells are shed from the tumor tissues and free to other parts of the body. Therefore, after surgery, we must do some systemic treatment, such as necessary chemotherapy, immunotherapy, local radiotherapy, etc., and traditional Chinese medicine, such as benefitting qi and nourishing blood, nourishing liver and kidney, etc. to support the root, which are very helpful to prevent recurrence and metastasis after surgery. 3, chemotherapy is not the more the better. Sometimes do not rely on chemotherapy to completely wipe out the lesions. With the continuous updating of chemotherapy drugs, the improvement of people’s depth of understanding and the maturity of their experience in using chemotherapy, the application of chemotherapy, a traditional therapy, has been well prepared. Some cancers can achieve complete remission or even clinical cure through multiple courses of chemotherapy, but most tumor diseases can only achieve partial remission or even be ineffective through chemotherapy. Why can’t repeated chemotherapy be used? There are two reasons, one is the emergence of drug resistance, which is the main reason for the failure of chemotherapy; the other is the serious toxic side effects of chemotherapy. The toxic side effects are not only manifested in nausea and vomiting, decrease of white blood cell, decrease of platelet, hair loss, anemia and damage of liver and kidney function, but also in the serious injury and inhibition of the immune function of the body by chemotherapy. In these years, domestic and foreign oncologists have repeatedly warned clinical doctors not to overdo chemotherapy, and to stop when chemotherapy does not play a major role in a tumor. For example, the oncologists in China have formed a consensus on chemotherapy for lung cancer that for patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated for the first time, the initial chemotherapy should generally be 3 to 4 cycles and not more than 4 cycles. The main reason is that chemotherapy beyond four cycles cannot improve the survival time of patients, and some even make metastasis appear prematurely, which reduces the overall survival quality of patients and shortens their survival time. 4. Radiotherapy has advantages for isolated lesions. However, for those who undergo radiotherapy as consolidation treatment after surgery, radiotherapy should be moderate and not excessive. In addition, for malignant tumors that are prone to spread and metastasis, radiotherapy should not be the first choice of treatment, but should be synchronized with chemotherapy or chemotherapy first and then radiotherapy, or chemotherapy-radiotherapy-chemotherapy alternately. 5. Biological therapy is theoretically the safest tumor treatment method and one of the most exciting methods. However, its clinical efficacy is not as good as people think, whether it can improve the host cell defense function or control the growth factor of tumor, its real effect is not satisfactory. 6. Chinese medicine treatment. With the improvement of people’s living standard and overall cultural literacy, people’s understanding of TCM has become more and more profound, the application of TCM has become more and more extensive, and its position in malignant tumor treatment has become more and more important. Indeed, both from the mechanism of Chinese medicine acting on tumor cells and from a large number of clinical application examples, the anti-tumor effect of Chinese medicine has been fully proved without doubt. For example, “survival with tumor”, which has been repeatedly advocated by Chinese and Western medical authorities for decades, is achieved by the efficacy of Chinese medicine in directly killing and inhibiting tumor cells, preventing recurrence and metastasis. The effective control of tumor development can be fully realized through the “three types of treatment”, namely, treatment by identification, treatment by disease identification and treatment by symptom identification. Different prescriptions, methods and dosage forms of Chinese medicine, such as single prescription, compound prescription and empirical prescription, pills, pans, creams, pans and capsules, oral administration, enema, external application, acupuncture point application, acupuncture, moxibustion, bloodletting, acupuncture point closure and acupressure, have improved the rich therapeutic pathways of Chinese medicine for the treatment of tumor diseases and their complications. Due to the limited level of research at present, the mechanism of action of TCM is not fully revealed, therefore, as tumor patients should neither unrealistically disparage TCM nor overly rely on TCM. However, from the current comprehensive treatment situation, the combination of Chinese and Western medicine is still the best choice for tumor treatment.