1. What is weak spermatozoa?
In the routine semen analysis, sperm motility can be divided into four levels according to ABCD. Level A refers to the ratio of fast forward-moving sperm, level B refers to the ratio of slow forward-moving sperm, level C refers to the ratio of non-forward-moving sperm, and level D refers to the ratio of very slow or immobile sperm.
Weak spermatozoa means that after 3 to 7 days of abstinence, more than three consecutive routine semen examinations indicate that the ratio of sperm forward motion (A+B) is less than 50%, or the ratio of fast linear forward motion sperm is less than 25%, or the sperm viability (percentage of live sperm) after ejaculation is less than 60%.
2.What is oligospermia?
Oligospermia is defined as sperm density less than 20×10^6 after 3-7 days of abstinence and more than three times of routine semen analysis, and moderate oligospermia if the sperm density is between 5 and 20×10^6, and severe oligospermia if it is less than 5×10^6.
3.What is oligozoospermia?
Clinically, oligospermia often exists together with low sperm motility and poor forward motion, often collectively referred to as oligozoospermia.
4.What is idiopathic male infertility?
According to WHO statistics, about 15% of couples of childbearing age worldwide suffer from infertility, with male factors accounting for 50%. About 40% to 75% of male infertility is still unexplained and is called idiopathic male infertility.
5, chronic prostatitis can cause weak sperm?
Chronic prostatitis bacterial infection that spreads to the epididymal vas deferens (site of sperm maturation) or testes (place of sperm production) can affect sperm production function and sperm viability and vitality can be affected.
Chronic prostatitis can change the composition of semen (a large part of the composition of semen comes from prostatic fluid), causing prolonged liquefaction time or non-liquefaction of semen, affecting the union of sperm and egg, thus causing infertility.
6.Does varicocele cause weak spermatozoa?
Varicocele is one of the most common causes of semen quality in men. Severe varicocele not only often causes pain and discomfort in the perineum or scrotum, but also affects testicular sperm production and sperm maturation. Therefore, if the infertility is caused by varicocele, it should be treated actively.
7.How to treat the decrease of semen quality caused by varicocele?
Varicocele is a common cause of male infertility. At present, drug treatment is not effective, so surgery is recommended. Common surgical methods include open surgery, microsurgery and laparoscopic surgery. Among them, microsurgery is the best method.
8.Is it a disease if the semen test is abnormal once?
Generally speaking, routine semen examination is affected by many factors, such as multiple sexual intercourse before the examination, staying up late, smoking, etc., which can affect the decrease of semen quality. Therefore, if there is an abnormality in a routine semen test, it is recommended that the test be repeated within 2 to 3 months after adjusting your lifestyle and habits.
9. How is a normal fertilized egg produced?
A male sperm production cycle lasts about 3 months. Only about 1% of the sperm can pass through the cervical canal, uterus and fallopian tubes, and only the most energetic sperm can reach the fallopian tubes and get close to the egg. There are about 10 to 200 sperm around the egg, but in the end only one sperm will unite with the egg cell to form a fertilized egg. This is the process of sperm and egg union.
10.What habits can cause spermatozoospermia?
Common bad habits include smoking, wearing tight pants and chemical fiber underwear, enjoying sauna, long-term exposure to chemicals and radioactive substances, eating foods that affect sperm quality, such as cotton phenol in crude cottonseed oil, and eating foods with too many additives, coloring agents, preservatives, and heavy metals.
11.Can genitourinary system infections cause oligospermia?
Because prostate fluid is a component of semen, if prostatitis is caused, semen quality will also be affected. For male infertility caused by genitourinary system infection, controlling the infection with sensitive drugs can significantly improve semen quality and increase the chances of natural pregnancy.
12.What are the main tests to diagnose oligozoospermia?
(1) Routine examination mainly includes.
Routine semen analysis: semen is collected by masturbation and abstinence is required for 3 to 7 days before the examination. Routine semen examination generally includes the total number of sperm, survival rate and the ratio of forward-moving sperm, which is the most intuitive test to assess the quality of sperm.
Sex hormone test: A blood test is taken to assess the patient’s sex hormone level. In many cases such as pituitary microadenomas, testicular tumors or congenital developmental abnormalities, the hormone levels are abnormal.
(2) Some other commonly used tests include
Chromosome/DNA testing: Blood is drawn for testing. Common chromosomal abnormalities include aberrations in chromosome number and structure,47, XYY men, deletion of the long arm of the Y chromosome, heterozygosity between the Y chromosome and autosomes, and autosomal aneuploidy such as trisomy 21.
Anti-sperm antibodies: Data show that anti-sperm antibodies can be detected in the serum or seminal plasma of 10%-30% of infertile patients. To rule out immune factors, AsAb testing has become one of the most important tests for male infertility.
Sperm-cervical mucus interaction test: Fresh semen within 1 hour after ejaculation and cervical mucus (without lubricant) from ovulating women are tested. The nature of the cervical mucus, endocrine disorders, pH, leukocytes and cell debris in the cervical mucus, and cervical diseases can affect the test results.
Acrosome reaction test: The sperm acrosome contains a variety of hydrolytic enzymes, such as acrosomal protease, hyaluronidase, acid phosphatase, etc. During fertilization, sperm release acrosomal enzymes that break down the radiating crown and zona pellucida at the periphery of the egg and enter the egg. Acrosomal enzymes also reduce the viscosity of the cervical mucus and improve the ability of sperm to penetrate the cervical mucus. Sperm acrosome defects are strongly associated with male infertility.
Sperm penetration test: It is equivalent to a physical test of sperm. In professional terms, the full name is “sperm penetration test of hyaline golden hamster eggs”, which is a classic method to determine sperm energy acquisition, acrosome reaction, sperm-egg fusion ability, and sperm nuclear disaggregation ability as well as sperm nuclear disaggregation ability.
13. What are the main diagnostic steps for oligozoospermia?
(1) Detailed description of the disease, with emphasis on marital status, frequency of intercourse, satisfaction with sexual life, presence of ejaculation disorders and previous treatment.
(2) Careful physical examination, including the development of secondary sexual characteristics, testicular epididymis spermatic cord and other abnormalities.
(3) Complete auxiliary examinations, mainly including semen routine examination, sex hormone four, chromosome test, etc.
14. Is it possible for men to have children after suffering from oligozoospermia?
It is still possible for men with oligozoospermia to get pregnant after strict and standardized treatment, but the main thing is to find the cause of the disease.
For sperm lack of vitality and weak sperm caused by varicocele, the quality of semen will be significantly improved after surgical treatment.
Infertility caused by decreased semen quality due to reproductive system infection can be reproduced after standard anti-inflammatory treatment.
However, some patients may not have significant treatment effects and have little possibility of having children because of congenital genetic defects such as chromosomal abnormalities or idiopathic male infertility.
15, the longer the abstinence the more beneficial to improve sperm vitality?
The longer you go without sex, the longer the abstinence, the lower the sperm vitality. Excessive sexual intercourse is also not conducive to sperm maturation and sperm quality will be affected. Therefore, it is recommended to abstain from sex for 3 to 7 days before performing a routine semen examination to avoid errors.
16. Can aphrodisiac drugs treat oligozoospermia?
For the treatment of oligozoospermia, some patients blindly take various kinds of tonic and aphrodisiac drugs, and very often the sperm quality does not improve, but the sperm count gets smaller and smaller, and the sperm vitality gets lower and lower. Because there are many clinical causes of oligozoospermia, the explanation of “kidney deficiency” is not scientific, and this treatment is not effective. For the treatment of oligozoospermia, we should carefully inquire about the condition and examination, conduct a comprehensive analysis, make a scientific diagnosis, and find an effective method to treat male infertility.
17. What is artificial insemination?
Artificial insemination refers to a treatment in which the male partner injects sperm and egg into the female partner’s body after the sperm has been liquefied and added to the culture, and then artificially treated, in order to promote pregnancy.
18.What is in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer technique?
It is a procedure in which the woman’s eggs are removed and placed in a culture dish by vaginal ultrasound. After treatment, the male sperm is added to the eggs to fertilize them and form a fertilized egg, which takes about 48 hours to develop into a 4-8 cell embryo and 72 hours to develop into a blastocyst that is transferred into the woman’s uterine cavity for implantation and conception.
19. What is intrauterine insemination?
Intrauterine insemination is the more common method of artificial insemination with a higher success rate. The main purpose of intrauterine insemination is to inject sperm into the uterine cavity through a catheter with processed sperm to achieve conception.
20. How can men prevent oligozoospermia?
Prevention of male infertility is as important as treatment. Men should pay attention to protecting their fertility by quitting smoking, drinking less alcohol, staying away from radiation and toxic chemicals, taking fewer saunas or hot sitz baths, wearing cotton comfortable underwear, etc. Male fertility decreases with age and should be performed between the ages of 25 and 35 when fertility is at its peak.