Similar to a spinal endoscope, an intervertebral foramoscope is a light-equipped tube that enters the intervertebral foramen from the side or side and back of the patient’s body (either in a flat or oblique fashion) and performs the procedure in a safe working triangle. The procedure is performed outside the disc’s fibrous annulus, and the herniated nucleus pulposus, nerve roots, dural sac and hyperplastic bone tissue can be clearly seen under direct endoscopic vision. The herniated tissue is then removed using various types of grasping forceps, the bone is removed microscopically, and the broken fibrous annulus is repaired with radiofrequency electrodes. The surgical trauma is small: the skin incision is less than 7mm, just like the size of a soybean grain, bleeding is less than 20ml, and only 1 stitch is needed after surgery. It is the least traumatic and most effective minimally invasive treatment for disc herniation of its kind. Under local anesthesia and X-ray surveillance, a puncture is used to enter the intervertebral foramen from behind the patient’s body and operate outside the disc’s annulus fibrosus. The herniated nucleus pulposus, nerve roots, dural sac and hyperplastic bone tissue can be clearly seen under direct endoscopic vision. Then various types of grasping forceps are used to remove the protruding tissue, microscopic removal of the hyperplastic bone, and radiofrequency electrodes to repair the broken fibrous annulus. The surgical trauma is small: the skin incision is less than 1cm, bleeding is low, and only 1 stitch is required after surgery. It is the minimally invasive treatment for disc herniation with the least trauma and the best effect among similar surgeries. Indications: 1. spinal nerve root pain caused by disc herniation and intervertebral foraminal osteophytes, which is not effective by conservative treatment; 2. central, paracentral, lateral and extreme lateral lumbar disc herniation; 3. lumbar foraminal stenosis; lateral saphenous fossa stenosis; 4. lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Advantages of intervertebral foraminoscopy: 1. The whole operation is performed under local anesthesia, and the patient is awake throughout, which not only avoids the risk of general anesthesia, but also reduces the chance of nerve root injury; 2. 4.Short operation time, fast postoperative recovery, shorten hospitalization time, reduce the economic burden of patients; 5.Avoid the recurrence of symptoms and postoperative low back syndrome caused by tissue adhesions after open internal fixation; 6.Comparable or even higher efficiency compared with open surgery, and the risk and complications of re-operation are significantly higher in patients with poor outcome of open surgery 7.The cost of surgery is lower than that of open surgery, which reduces the economic burden of patients.