In principle, general anesthesia is preferred whenever possible, unless the patient has serious lung disease and cannot tolerate general anesthesia, then semi-anesthesia can be considered for the operation. Firstly, the muscle relaxation of patients under general anesthesia is better, and it is easier for the ureteroscope or nephroscope to enter the kidney during the operation to find and break the stone. Secondly, patients under general anesthesia do not have any consciousness, and the intraoperative position and comfort level are better together. There is no intraoperative wakefulness as in semi-anesthesia, and if the operation takes longer, the patient’s discomfort is significantly increased. Again, general anesthesia is safer than hemi-anesthesia because general circulation and respiration are controlled with the aid of a ventilator, which can avoid the occurrence of respiratory system accidents during surgery. Finally, the risk of postoperative back pain that may be caused by hemi-anesthesia, or total spinal anesthesia.