For patients with chronic viral hepatitis B, the presence of abdominal distension is considered to be a possibility of peritoneal effusion, which may be combined with a decrease in the number and volume of urine, and the patient is advised to have further ultrasound of the upper abdomen and blood tests for liver function, hepatitis B triple system, hepatitis B DNA and other relevant tests. If the patient suggests a decompensated stage of cirrhosis, there will be fluid in the peritoneal cavity, enlarged spleen, hypersplenism, and in some patients, esophageal varices in the fundus of the stomach. In addition, for some patients with liver disease, there is a possibility of hypoproteinemia, which is caused by a decrease in the synthesis of albumin by the liver after the deterioration of liver function, resulting in the formation of hypoproteinemia, which may cause swelling and peritoneal effusion in patients, and patients should actively consider intravenous plasma and albumin infusion for supportive treatment. After the albumin is elevated, oral diuretic drugs such as hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone can be considered for diuretic treatment. After the ascites is eliminated, the patient’s abdominal distension symptoms will also slowly improve or disappear.