Minimally invasive nerve root decompression is a minimally invasive surgical method for the treatment of cervical and lumbar spondylosis, which has the advantages of small incision, light tissue damage and short operation time. With small incision, the patient’s psychological burden is light, which is conducive to rehabilitation; light tissue trauma allows early bedtime activities and reduces scar formation; short operation time reduces the exposure time of the trauma and avoids the occurrence of incision infection, and the patient can get out of bed in 3 to 8 days after surgery to avoid complications such as venous thrombosis of the lower limbs and lumbar muscle weakness caused by too long bedtime. The minimally invasive technique leaves the small joints of the cervical and lumbar spine and the supraspinous ligaments intact, and the role of the tension band is protected, thus minimizing the impact on the stability of the cervical and lumbar spine and avoiding the problem of scar adhesions due to recurrence and the need for reoperation. We are one of the first professional teams in China to treat cervical and lumbar spondylosis using minimally invasive techniques. Limited small incision (3cm) nerve root decompression surgery is the specialty of our department, and we have completed more than 100 cases and accumulated rich experience. The outstanding advantage of minimally invasive nerve root decompression surgery compared with the traditional posterior decompression is that the spinal process is not removed and the intrinsic structure between the vertebral plate and disc is not destroyed, and only the posterior wall of the intervertebral foramen is abraded with the microscopic grinding drill, which relieves the compression of the nerve roots while maintaining the stability of the paravertebral joints. The herniated disc is removed by microscopic block excision, and the intrinsic structure of the disc is maintained while further decompression is achieved, thus maintaining the stability of the spine, so that the damage to the patient is minimal and the spinal cord injury due to spinal stenosis is avoided in general posterior decompression. The indications for this procedure are: ① sudden onset and short duration of neurogenic cervical spondylosis; ② elderly patients with osteoporosis and unstable cervical and lumbar spine structure; ③ those with significant stenosis of the corresponding intervertebral foramen on imaging. In summary, we believe that: trans-posterior micro-minimally invasive nerve root decompression in the treatment of cervical and lumbar spondylosis has the advantages of low surgical trauma, safety, good postoperative cervical spine stability, few complications and high cure rate, and satisfactory results can be achieved as long as the indications for surgery are strictly mastered.