Bronchiectasis (bronchiectasis) is an abnormal dilatation of the bronchial tree with persistent inflammatory response of the lung parenchyma caused by multiple susceptibility factors. HRCT can provide early diagnosis of bronchiectasis caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and α1-antitrypsin deficiency. Early detection of susceptibility factors and strong and effective symptomatic treatment can significantly prolong the life expectancy of patients and reduce mortality. Recent studies have found that new therapeutic measures such as the use of human deoxyribonuclease (DNase) can improve lung function and quality of life in patients with bronchiectasis. While genetic factors were thought to be involved in the past, recent studies have focused on the inflammatory mediators involved in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis. The main contributing factors to bronchiectasis are infection of the bronchio-pulmonary tissue and bronchial obstruction. Infection causes congestion and edema in the mucosa of the lumen, making the lumen narrow, and secretions tend to obstruct the lumen, leading to poor drainage and aggravating the infection; poor drainage of bronchial obstruction can induce lung infection. Therefore, the two affect each other and contribute to the occurrence and development of bronchiectasis. Bronchiectasis caused by congenital developmental defects and genetic factors is less common. What is the daily health care of bronchiectasis? 1, bronchiectasis patients should exercise to enhance the body’s ability to resist disease. Sick room or family bedroom should be ventilated frequently, prohibit smoking, but need to keep warm, free from ventilation evil, to prevent colds. 2. During the acute attack of bacterial infection, 24h sputum volume and sputum properties (color, odor) should be recorded. Encourage the patient to sputum, and instruct the morning posture sputum discharge. Record vital signs temperature, pulse, respiration and blood pressure changes at any time when critically ill or feverish. For seriously ill patients, nursing staff should assist in turning and patting the back to promote sputum discharge, pay attention to drainage of sputum and keep the respiratory tract open to reduce secondary infection and prevent deterioration of the condition. In patients with hemoptysis, record the amount of hemoptysis for timely treatment, be alert to the occurrence of hemoptysis, and prepare bronchoscope to aspirate blood in the trachea at any time to prevent asphyxia. 3, keep a relaxed mood, to give spiritual encouragement to seriously ill patients, make psychological care, so that patients establish confidence to overcome the disease, maintain optimism, and promote early recovery from the disease. 4, avoid overeating, avoid smoking and alcohol, pay attention to dietary regimen. Pay attention to nutrition, eat more food rich in protein and vitamins, such as fish, meat, eggs, etc. If fever and large amount of purulent sputum appear. Smoking will reduce resistance and aggravate infection, so you should try to quit smoking. Those who appear hemoptysis should not drink alcoholic beverages. 5. Avoid excessive exertion. Appropriate participation in physical exercise to enhance physical fitness and reduce the incidence of respiratory tract infections. Those who appear hemoptysis, do not declare to participate in heavy physical labor, should avoid strenuous activities. 6, avoid wind and cold. Avoid cold, go to less crowded public places, actively prevent colds; carefully deal with chronic infections of the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract to prevent contaminated secretions from being mistakenly inhaled into the lower respiratory tract and inducing infection opportunities. Oral and thoracoabdominal surgery patients should strengthen postoperative oral and blinking respiratory care, cautiously use sedative and analgesic cough medicines, pay attention to respiratory wetting, dilute secretions, encourage coughing, and aspiration if necessary, so that sputum drainage is smooth.