The treatment of arterial thrombosis of the lower extremities depends on the specific disease and the acute and chronic conditions to develop a treatment plan, which is mainly divided into non-surgical treatment and surgical treatment. Lower extremity arterial thrombosis includes thrombo-occlusive vasculitis and arterial embolism. Thrombo-occlusive vasculitis treatment: Thrombo-occlusive vasculitis is a chronic occlusive disease. Non-surgical treatment can be selected from anti-platelet aggregation and vasodilator drugs, hyperbaric oxygen chamber therapy, and also Chinese herbal medicine. The purpose of surgical treatment is to reconstruct the arterial blood flow channel and increase the blood supply to the limb. Bypass diversion can be performed on the proximal and distal sides of the occluded artery, i.e., using an autologous vessel or an artificial vessel to make a bypass between the proximal and distal ends of the occluded segment. If the ischemic ulcer is distal to the limb, the wound should be treated aggressively with effective antibiotics. When irreversible necrosis of the tissue has occurred, amputation in different planes should be considered. Arterial embolism treatment: Arterial embolism is an acute attack of the disease. Non-surgical treatment includes the application of fibrinolytic drugs, anticoagulants and vasodilators. Three methods can be used: puncture injection via peripheral veins or proximal to the embolized artery and continuous administration via intra-arterial catheters using infusion pumps. If the diagnosis is clear, especially for large and middle artery embolism, if the systemic condition is good, the embolism should be removed directly by cutting the artery or by using balloon catheter as early as possible. When irreversible necrosis of the tissue has occurred, amputation in different planes should be considered. In conclusion, the treatment of arterial thrombosis of lower extremities can be treated with drug therapy alone or drug therapy combined with surgery.