Cardiovascular diseases, early prevention, early benefit According to the World Health Organization, the number of people who die from cardiovascular diseases worldwide is 19 million each year, mainly in developing countries. In China, coronary heart disease and stroke are also the most deadly and disabling diseases, with 2.6 million people dying from cardiovascular diseases every year, and one person dies every 13 seconds on average. With the accelerated aging of our population and the younger onset of cardiovascular disease, the problem of cardiovascular disease will become increasingly prominent. Cardiovascular disease is terrible, but the greatest tragedy is that it could have been prevented. The famous Framingham Heart Study, which began in 1948, began an unprecedented journey to prevent cardiovascular disease, identifying cardiovascular disease risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking, so the United States carried out cholesterol education programs, smoking cessation, and blood pressure control measures, and then the incidence of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the United States began to decline. A case-control trial published in 2004, involving 52 countries (including over 7000 Chinese participants), answered the question of whether the major causative factor for cardiovascular disease is genetic or an acquired variable unhealthy lifestyle and risk factors. The most important result of this study is that 90% of heart attacks are manageable. The risk factors for cardiovascular disease, in order of their weight, are: dyslipidemia, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, abdominal obesity, lack of exercise, lack of vegetables and fruits in the diet, and mental stress. According to this study, 9 out of 10 heart attacks can be explained and 5 out of 6 heart attacks can be prevented. Life expectancy in the United States has increased by 6 years in the last 30 years, 3.9 years of which are attributed to the control and prevention of cardiovascular risk factors. The United States has made a considerable investment in cancer during this period, with a contribution of 4 months. It is now clear that risk factors are closely related to clinical cardiovascular disease, and that people with more risk factors have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease later in life. Therefore, controlling risk factors and early prevention can benefit early. First, appropriate activities should be adhered to: life lies in exercise, but excessive exercise can also lead to cardiovascular accidents. So what kind of exercise is best? Walking is the best exercise in the world, others such as tai chi, jogging, table tennis, badminton, hiking, dancing, swimming, etc. can be. Exercise should be consistent, orderly and moderate. Generally master the “three, five, seven” movement safe and effective. “Three” refers to the best activity for more than thirty minutes at a time. “Five” refers to a week at least five times exercise. “Seven” refers to the number of heartbeats per minute after the activity plus their age equals 170. Second, quit smoking and alcohol to pay attention to: the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in smokers is 2-3 times higher than non-smokers, the world’s annual smoking deaths amounted to 2.5 million people, lung cancer incidence is 10-20 times higher than non-smokers, the incidence of laryngeal cancer is 6-10 times higher The incidence of lung cancer is 10-20 times higher than that of non-smokers, the incidence of laryngeal cancer is 6-10 times higher, and the incidence of bronchitis is 2-8 times higher. Passive smoking is also harmful, currently 540 million people are passive smokers in China. Therefore, for smoking, it is better to quit than not to quit, and it is better to quit early than to quit late. If you can not quit smoking, no more than 4 cigarettes a day. Drinking large amounts of alcohol is also harmful, the U.S.-China Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology Cooperative Study shows that men who continue to drink alcohol than those who do not drink, the risk of hypertension increased by 40% within 4 years. Therefore, a lot of alcohol is certainly not beneficial, but a small amount of alcohol, 20 grams of alcohol per day, more than 4 times a week may have a certain protective effect on cardiovascular disease, but for non-drinkers do not advocate the use of alcohol to prevent cardiovascular disease, male drinkers should be <50ml of alcohol per day, beer <640ml, red wine <200ml, female drinking should be reduced by half. Third, it is crucial to reduce body weight: obese people (body mass index BMI>28, BMI= kg/m2) have 2.3 times the risk of cardiovascular disease than normal people, and the difference in body mass index of the population has a significant impact on the blood pressure level and the prevalence of hypertension in the population. For example, blood pressure levels and hypertension prevalence in our population are high in the north and low in the south, with significant regional differences that parallel the differences in population body mass index. A prospective study of 10 cohorts in China showed that for every 1 increase in body mass index at baseline, the risk of definite hypertension over 5 years increased by 9%. At the same time overweight is also a high risk factor for diabetes, hyperlipidemia and other diseases. Fourth, a reasonable diet is very important: diet and hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity and other diseases are obviously related, China’s traditional dietary structure is to grain as the main food, diversified food, and mainly consume fresh natural food, foreign countries give high evaluation, said it is the best diet to prevent obesity and cardiovascular disease. At the same time, fish contains a high amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which helps reduce blood lipids; vegetables are rich in folic acid, which can reduce the formation of homocysteine in the body, very effective in preventing heart disease, and the fiber in vegetables and fruits, is a natural remedy to reduce cholesterol. Fifth, control blood pressure to meet the standard: At present, there are 160 million people with hypertension in China, but the treatment rate of hypertensive people is low and the control rate is still very low. Hypertensive patients suffer from coronary heart disease is two times higher than normal, cerebrovascular disease, 80% of patients have high blood pressure; no matter what drugs are used, as long as the systolic blood pressure is reduced by 10-12 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure is reduced by 5-6 mmHg, it can reduce stroke by 40%, heart attack can be reduced by 16%, heart failure can be reduced by 50%. Therefore, it is very important to control blood pressure and lower blood pressure to meet the standard. Sixth, lipid-lowering treatment should be standardized: elevated serum cholesterol or LDL cholesterol is the most important risk factor for coronary heart disease. Studies have shown that for every 1% reduction in cholesterol, the risk of coronary heart disease events is reduced by 2%. Treated hyperlipidemia can reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease by 31% and cardiac events by 30% in those who already have coronary heart disease. At present, the number of dyslipidemia in China is about 160 million, and many of them are not under the standard treatment of statins. A large number of clinical trials have fully demonstrated that statins have surpassed the efficacy of all other drugs in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic vascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, reducing death, myocardial infarction and stroke; Professor Roberts, editor-in-chief of the American Journal of Cardiology, commented on statins: “Statins are a class of miracle drugs that are as effective against atherosclerosis as penicillin. The statin revolution, people saw the dawn of the conquest of cardiovascular disease. Seven, control of blood sugar is very important: diabetes complications of coronary heart disease up to more than 70%, about 80% of diabetic patients die from cardiovascular complications, for non-diabetic 2-4 times, so in 1999 the American Heart Association clearly put forward diabetes is a cardiovascular disease, and in 2002, diabetes is listed as a coronary heart disease and other risks, so we must strictly control the blood sugar of diabetic patients, but diabetic patients can not only However, diabetic patients should not only control blood glucose, but also blood pressure and blood lipid should be strictly controlled. For example, blood pressure should be controlled to 130/80 mmHg or less, and LDL cholesterol should be less than 2.6 mmol/L, or even less than 2.0 mmol/L, which can greatly reduce the incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke. Eight, emotional stability and less disease: many diseases to a large extent by the psychological impact. Such as sudden emotional stimulation can lead to hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction, or even sudden death, maintaining a good, happy state of mind can improve the body’s immune system to resist other internal and external adverse factors. Therefore a good mental state is the best medicine, in fact, a person’s mental balance, the body has a great resistance to disease. Good mental state is not easy to get sick, and get sick quickly, so it is very important to adjust a good state of mind. Nine, cardiac events to prevent: sudden cardiac death accounts for 64% of cardiovascular disease deaths, the survival rate of out-of-hospital sudden cardiac death is only 5%. To prevent cardiac events, attention should be paid to avoid full meals, alcohol abuse, overexcitement, intense physical activity after meals, especially in cold weather, and to strengthen drug prevention and regular medical checkups. The pursuit of health is a permanent aspiration of people. In the effort to improve health, people often rely on doctors, medications and medical facilities, giving them all the hope and power to recover from illnesses, with little attention to their own role. In fact, the doctor is not the main subject of disease recovery; the real subject is oneself. Cardiovascular diseases can be prevented by maintaining a healthy lifestyle and overcoming risk factors. Cardiovascular disease, early prevention, early benefit.