Fever is a common symptom and reason for seeking medical attention in children. According to statistics, fever accounts for the first place among pediatric emergency admissions and hospitalizations, and the common cold, acute tonsillitis, pneumonia and certain acute infectious diseases are the main diseases causing fever. It is well known that persistent high fever (axillary temperature ≥39℃) can directly threaten the health of sick children, which not only increases oxygen consumption and the metabolism of various nutrients, but also promotes febrile convulsions, and reduces the body’s digestive function and ability to defend against infection. Therefore, the proper application of antipyretic drugs can quickly lower the body temperature and relieve the complications caused by high fever (such as febrile convulsions, etc.). There are several kinds of antipyretics available in hospitals and pharmacies, and four types of dosage forms: water, tablets, suppositories and injections, and many parents are often at a loss when choosing them. In order to help parents do a good job of antipyretic drugs “selection problem”, now will be clinically used several antipyretic drugs for the introduction: 1, aspirin is an ancient antipyretic drugs, 1899 began to use, its antipyretic effect is strong, but the side effects are large, mainly gastrointestinal bleeding, thrombocytopenia, its most serious side effect is Richter’s syndrome. The most serious side effect is Reye’s syndrome, with a death rate of 30%. In the UK, aspirin is clearly prohibited in children under 16 years of age. The drug is also tending to be eliminated in domestic pediatrics. 2, acetaminophen that paracetamol, is a relatively safe antipyretic, no gastrointestinal irritation or bleeding, does not affect platelet function, no nephrotoxicity, will not cause granulocyte deficiency and aplastic anemia. Its antipyretic effect is proportional to the dose, but excessive doses can cause hepatotoxicity. The drug is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the antipyretic of choice for infants and children over 2 months of age with high fever. The dose is 10-15 mg per kg of body weight, once every 4-6 hours. At present, it is available in hospitals and pharmacies, representing drugs such as pediatric Merlin syrup, pediatric Benadryl drops, etc. 3.Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with obvious antipyretic and analgesic effect and few side effects. The average onset time of the drug is 1.16 hours, the average duration of fever reduction is nearly 5 hours, the average temperature drop value is 2.3 degrees, and the percentage of drop is 88%. Pediatricians believe that this product can replace intramuscular antipyretics for children with high fever due to infectious diseases. Ibuprofen is indicated for children over 6 months of age at a dose of 5-10 mg per kg of body weight every 6-8 hours. It is currently available in hospitals and pharmacies, and is represented by Torn Oral Solution, etc. 4.Chaihu injection is an injection extracted from the Chinese medicine Chaihu, which has a slow and weak antipyretic effect with few side effects. The specification is 2 ml each, and the dosage is 1/3~1/2 for each intramuscular injection for children within 3 years old, and one for each injection for children older than 4 years old. In addition, there are two kinds of antipyretic drugs to be used with caution: 5, compound aminopyrine, also known as analgesic, the drug is an injection, is the most commonly used clinically a strong antipyretic drug. The drug contains aminopyrine can lead to a decrease in peripheral blood leukocytes, if repeatedly injected in a short period of time many times this product is prone to acute granular leukocyte deficiency risk. For some children, this drug can induce acute hemolytic anemia, rash and other side effects. In addition, if the dose of the injection of this product is too large, the child will sweat too much, the body temperature drops suddenly, easily cause deficiency. Therefore, pediatric experts pointed out that the compound aminophenazone is prohibited for infants and children, and used with caution for older children. The main side effects are nephrotoxicity, gastrointestinal bleeding, severe rash, and lethal granulocyte deficiency as its most serious side effects. At present, 27 countries have banned or restricted the use of anandamide, but some local hospitals in China are still using it, which deserves great attention. In fact, antipyretic drugs are only symptomatic treatment, the effect can only last for a few hours, after the elimination of pharmacological effects in the body, the body temperature will rise again. Children’s fever is mostly self-limiting and generally not life-threatening, so the main basis for choosing antipyretic drugs is their efficacy and the size of their side effects. Studies have shown that the efficacy of antipyretics, in descending order, are: ibuprofen, acetaminophen, anandamide, compound aminopyrine, and aspirin. The most commonly used is the syrup containing paracetamol, which has mild side effects in regular doses for short periods of time and can be the preferred antipyretic. It is important to remind you that it is better not to use different antipyretics at the same time or to increase the dose on your own, as this may cause excessive sweating in the child, leading to deficiency, hypothermia (≤36°C), or even shock. Infants under half a year old with fever should not use antipyretics to lower their body temperature, but should use physical cooling, such as loosening the wrap and taking a warm bath. When the child refuses to take oral medication, antipyretic suppositories are used to plug the anus and absorbed by the intestines, which is very convenient for rapid antipyretic effects, but care should be taken to give small doses and avoid repeated use of antipyretic overdose, causing a steep drop in body temperature or diarrhea. Acetaminophen and ibuprofen have good antipyretic effects and few side effects, so they can be preferred.