With the continuous improvement of tissue engineering techniques, the application of tissue engineering methods to repair and reconstruct the meniscus has evolved. However, the meniscus is an easily damaged and functionally complex tissue; to date, the structure of this tissue has not been well simulated using tissue engineering methods. Recently, it has been found that 3D fiber deposition techniques can better simulate the biomechanical properties of the tissue by altering the scaffold structure, porosity, and deposition of copolymers. Nanofibrous scaffolds with the potential to mimic extracellular matrix have been considered as a good candidate matrix for cell adhesion in tissue engineering applications. With the continuous development of molecular biology and biomaterials, novel meniscal scaffold materials such as bacterial cellulose, agarose gels, and small intestinal submucosa have been developed, however, none of them is considered to be the most ideal scaffold material. As the scaffold material for tissue-engineered meniscus should have high porosity and biomechanical properties similar to those of normal meniscus; the degradable scaffold should be non-toxic and the proliferation of implanted cells replaces with the biodegradation of the scaffold in parallel, and the scaffold material and its degradation products will not cause immune rejection. All these are the problems and challenges we face in studying meniscal scaffold materials, and the transition from experimental research to clinical application of meniscal tissue engineering will be the main research direction in the future. With the continuous maturation of tissue engineering technology, it is believed that more ideal scaffold materials will emerge in the future for research and clinical application of meniscal repair and reconstruction.