If conservative treatment for herniated disc is not effective for a period of time, surgery can be considered to remove the nucleus pulposus to eradicate the symptoms, get rid of the recurrent back and leg pain and avoid further damage to nerve function. In contrast, the traditional open window nucleus pulposus removal, the surgical incision is generally above 125px, and epidural anesthesia or general anesthesia must be used, which may damage the nerves during the operation, and postoperative adhesions are likely to occur and affect the efficacy, intraoperative bleeding is generally 50-100ml, postoperative incision pain is more obvious, postoperative wound drainage is required, etc., and it takes about 6 days to sit and stand. The most important is the interference with the posterior structures of the spine, such as stripping the paravertebral muscles and chiseling away part of the lamina and articular processes, resulting in a higher likelihood of postoperative back pain, which often requires six months to a year of recovery. There is an old saying in the traditional open spine surgery community that “preoperative leg pain, postoperative back pain” is caused by the destruction of the posterior spinal structures. The minimally invasive foraminoscopic spine technique is a well-established and proven technique, developed by the renowned German spine surgeon Thomas Hoogland. Hoogland and others, who performed more than a thousand successful procedures before beginning to spread it worldwide, is a light-equipped tube that enters the foramen from the side or back of the patient’s body and performs the procedure in a safe working triangle. The surgery is done outside the disc’s fibrous annulus, where the herniated nucleus pulposus, nerve roots, dural sac and hyperplastic bone tissue can be clearly seen under direct endoscopic vision, followed by removal of the herniated tissue using various types of grasping forceps, microscopic debridement of the bone and repair of the broken fibrous annulus with radiofrequency electrodes. The surgical trauma is small: the skin incision is only 7mm, just like the size of a soybean grain, only 1 stitch after surgery, bleeding less than 20ml, which is the most advanced, minimally invasive treatment for herniated disc with the least trauma and the best effect on the patient. It mainly has the following main advantages: 1. Safety: the patient only needs local anesthesia, not general anesthesia. The patient can be operated in a completely awake state, and the patient’s reaction can be detected at any time during the operation, and the doctor can be alerted once the patient touches the nerve root, thus avoiding the possible accidental injury to the nerve root under general anesthesia. 2. Minimally invasive: The surgical site is reached through a small percutaneous incision, minimizing the risk of infection during and after surgery. Unlike microsurgical techniques, in order to determine the location and remove the herniated or prolapsed nucleus pulposus, the intervertebral foramen approach does not require partial removal of the ligamentum flavum, laminae and articular eminence joints, nor does it require severing the trunk muscles, resulting in little damage to the normal structure of the spine, less painful wound healing, and less interference with spinal stability. Less bone tissue is injured, reducing blood leakage and scar formation in the nerve root region. The unique design of the cannula and surgical instruments allows for the discovery and protection of nerve roots, protection of the epidural and perineural venous system, prevention of venous stasis and chronic neuroedema. In addition, it can reduce the formation of perineural and epidural scars. 3.Fast recovery after surgery: the patient can leave the hospital one day after surgery and can return to work and ensure a high quality of life as soon as possible.