The causes of swollen calves are numerous and include both physiological and pathological.
Physiological causes include: swollen calves in the elderly, swollen calves in sedentary chair users, and uterine pressure in pregnancy. Pathological causes include: swollen calves caused by local tissue lesions, such as acute cellulitis, dermatitis, soft tissue injuries of the lower limbs; diseases of the vascular system, such as varicose veins of the lower limbs, deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs; swollen calves caused by systemic diseases, such as chronic heart failure, chronic nephritis, cirrhosis of the liver, hypothyroidism, parasitic diseases, etc.