Measles is an acute respiratory disease caused by measles virus infection. It is a self-limiting disease and is highly contagious, but it does not usually cause itching, and the itching sensation is usually scarlet fever or chicken pox. Measles begins with a maculopapular rash, which is not itchy or painful. The skin color between the rashes is mostly normal, and the order of appearance begins behind the ears and on the head and face, then gradually spreads downward to the back, abdomen, and extremities, and finally to the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Scarlet fever is an acute rash caused by Streptococcus β-hemolyticus. It is common in children and presents with a low-grade fever, mild sore throat, and a small rash. Patients with milder cases usually do not need treatment and will heal on their own after a period of time. Chickenpox is common in people with low immunity and in children who have not been vaccinated against chickenpox, and is characterized by generalized toxic symptoms, fever, and a rash with more pronounced itching. Chickenpox is highly contagious, but is not contagious after crusting and usually heals on its own, and can be treated with medication under medical supervision if symptoms are severe. Measles generally has no specific treatment and requires symptomatic treatment under the guidance of a doctor to avoid serious complications from gradual aggravation. The measles-mumps-rubella triple vaccine is effective in preventing measles virus infection and provides lifelong immunity. Newborns should be vaccinated on time to avoid measles infection later in life.