Both open surgery for tension-free hernia repair and laparoscopic hernia repair are currently internationally recognized treatment options. Open surgery is simple and fast, local anesthesia expands the indications for surgery and is more economical, especially for elderly and frail patients with various other diseases; laparoscopic surgery is minimally invasive and is the most advanced inguinal hernia procedure, but the cost is relatively high, we will fully inform the patient of the advantages of laparoscopic surgery and open surgery, and the hernia surgeon will choose the procedure and patch according to the principle of “individualized treatment” and the patient’s own condition. We will fully inform the patient of the advantages of laparoscopic surgery and open surgery, and the specialist hernia surgeon will choose the procedure and patch according to the principle of “individualized treatment” and the patient’s own situation in order to achieve the best treatment results. Open tension-free hernia repair 1. Flat-piece tension-free repair (Lichtenstein procedure): Lichtenstein procedure involves suturing the patch to the wall of the inguinal canal and the spermatic cord is led out through the patch by perforation. Until 1997, it was recognized worldwide as the most classic procedure for hernia surgery. At present, there are still many hospitals in China still performing this operation. 2. Tension-free repair with hernia ring filling (Gilbert, mesh plug & patch): This procedure combines mesh plug filling (mesh plug, 1994) and Lichtenstein’s operation, that is, filling the hernia ring defect with polypropylene rolled into an umbrella shape, then strengthening the posterior wall of the inguinal canal with a flat patch, and once the umbrella filling and the flat patch were not fixed. Later on, Rutkow and Robbines suggested to fix the umbrella filling and the flat sheet separately, and the finalized product was produced by Bard Company in the United States, which is a popular hernia repair procedure abroad and the most rapidly developing procedure in recent years. 3.Prolene 3 in 1 —- tension-free hernia repair method (prolene hernia system, PHS) This procedure applies the stereotyped product (PHS) produced by Johnson & Johnson in the United States, which consists of three parts: an underlying piece placed in front of the peritoneum to repair the pubococcygeal muscle hole; a plug-like intermediate to repair the hernia ring; and a superficial piece to repair the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. This is a method introduced in recent years, and there are many hospitals in China performing this kind of surgery. 4, anterior peritoneal space lining patch tension-free hernia repair method (Kugel): This is a new tension-free hernia repair method proposed in 2000, applying the memory memory elastic ring patch (Kugel patch) produced by Bard Company in the United States to repair the pubococcygeal muscle hole by placing it in the anterior peritoneal space. With the rapid development of synthetic material science, the patch material has reached the ideal requirement for the overall repair of the three potential defects of the internal ring, direct hernia triangle and femoral ring, which is the concept of total inguinal repair. Currently, the open procedure in our department for inguinal hernia treatment is mostly anterior peritoneal space patch placement repair under local anesthesia, which is performed under local anesthesia and the patch is placed in the anterior peritoneal space with satisfactory results. Minimally invasive-laparascopic repair of inginal hernia: In 1982, Ger first performed laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair with success, and clinical reports of this technique have gradually increased and diversified repair methods have emerged, bringing a new technique and showing a broad prospect for inguinal hernia repair. Laparoscopic hernia repair is a minimally invasive technique developed on the basis of the joint development of lumpectomy and tension-free hernia repair, and is another successful procedure after the minimally invasive surgery of lumpectomy for biliary, colonic and gastric diseases. The advantages of this method are as follows: minimally invasive, no large incisions, and freedom of movement from the ground after surgery. It is possible to solve the problem bilaterally in one visit and to explore the contralateral side to prevent missed hernias, eliminating the risk of reopening. Recurrence is low, and surgeons with extensive experience in laparoscopic surgery can further reduce the recurrence rate to 0.1%. In addition, laparoscopic total extraperitoneal repair is most appropriate for bilateral inguinal hernias and recurrent hernias. This procedure has been increasingly accepted by more and more patients because of its advantages of less trauma, faster recovery and lower recurrence, and the diminishing gap between the cost of treatment and that of open artificial mesh repair.