The incidence of headache in dialysis is 5%, and most of the causes are not clear. The common causes are: 1. Imbalance syndrome The incidence is 3.4%-20%, which is a syndrome with neurological symptoms mainly related to dialysis that occurs in the middle and late stages of dialysis or soon after the end of dialysis. Adequate and reasonable induction of dialysis is an important measure to reduce imbalance syndrome. 2. Hypertension Headache caused by elevated blood pressure during dialysis. Its incidence is not high, but the cause is unclear, and it is more persistent and difficult to deal with. Sublingual alternate administration of Kepone, cardiac pain, is effective for mild and moderate hypertension. For refractory hypertension, sodium nitroprusside or phentolamine can be used to quietly order, and can also be used in conjunction with sedative drugs, such as Valium 10 mg intramuscularly. Severe hypertension, after treatment of blood pressure can not drop, dialysis should be discontinued, and blood pressure gradually returns to normal after discontinuation. 3, hard water syndrome is due to acute hypercalcemia or hypomagnesemia when dialysis is performed with hard water. Clinical manifestations are severe headache, nausea, vomiting, general warmth, itching and redness of the skin, dyspnea, pressure in the precordial area, slow pulse, mild hypertension, and even convulsions. A hard water test is routinely done before dialysis, and if symptoms appear, dialysis should not be performed. If it appears after dialysis, there is no need to deal with it, because hypercalcemia can subside within 24-48 hours. 4.Intracranial hemorrhage Dialysis patients are often combined with hypertension and cerebral arteriosclerosis, and the cases of intracranial hemorrhage increase accordingly. Sudden increase of blood pressure, overuse of anticoagulant or minor trauma may be the cause of hemorrhage. Cerebrovascular accident in polycystic kidney patients may be due to rupture of cerebral aneurysm. Treatment, stop dialysis, give fisetin, perform temporary peritoneal dialysis and control severe hypertension. In addition, headache can occur in patients with subdural hematoma and cerebral embolism, which should be distinguished. 5. Hemolysis Acute hemolysis can be caused by high dialysis fluid temperature (>40℃), failure of the machine’s dialysis fluid monitoring device and mistaken transfusion of heterotypic blood during dialysis. Clinical manifestations include pain and discomfort along the puncture vein, blood pressure drop, headache, back pain, precordial pain, cerebral convulsions, and sauce-purple urine, etc. Dialysis should be stopped immediately. Do not transfuse the blood in the dialyzer and tubing back into the body after hemolysis; fresh blood should be transfused. Pay attention to the correction of hyperkalemia. 6. Acetate intolerance For patients who are intolerant to acetate, dialysis can be switched to sodium bicarbonate dialysis solution.