The process of herniated disc surgery varies from one type of surgery to another. For example, the open surgical process is roughly anesthesia, making a surgical incision, revealing the spinous process and vertebral plate, removing the ligamentum flavum, removing the herniated disc, and hemostatic suturing. Herniated lumbar disc surgery is divided into open surgery and minimally invasive surgery, the process is not exactly the same. 1. Open surgery: the process is usually anesthesia and then make a surgical incision centered on the operated segment to expose the spinous process and vertebral plate, remove the spinous process and vertebral plate of the segment to reveal the ligamentum flavum, remove the ligamentum flavum and then explore and reveal the protruding intervertebral disc, and then remove the nucleus pulposus and free annulus fibrosus, or remove the entire protruding intervertebral disc, and then do vertebral body fusion, and then finally perform hemostatic suture. 2. Minimally invasive surgery: The process usually involves small incision puncture under local anesthesia, positioning the puncture needle or cannula into the herniated disc through fluoroscopy, and then inserting minimally invasive instruments to ablate the herniated disc through high-frequency ultrasonic thermal ablation or bite out the herniated disc. Different minimally invasive surgical procedures will apply different methods to relieve disc compression. Herniated discs vary by condition, so it is advisable to ask your orthopedic surgeon to make a comprehensive judgment based on symptoms and test results.