Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and destruction of bone microarchitecture, leading to increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Osteoporosis is divided into two major categories: primary and secondary. Primary osteoporosis is divided into three types: type I osteoporosis, type II osteoporosis and idiopathic osteoporosis. Postmenopausal osteoporosis generally occurs within 5-10 years after menopause; senile osteoporosis generally refers to osteoporosis occurring in the elderly after the age of 70; and idiopathic osteoporosis mainly occurs in adolescents, the cause of which is still unknown. Secondary osteoporosis refers to osteoporosis or concurrent fractures due to certain diseases, medications and other causes. Primary osteoporosis is one of the common diseases in the elderly with the serious consequence of osteoporotic fracture, which is a fracture that can occur with minor trauma or daily activities due to a decrease in bone strength. The most common sites for osteoporotic fractures are the vertebrae, hip and wrist. Osteoporotic fractures greatly increase disability and mortality in the elderly and are a health problem with well-defined pathophysiological, psychosocial and economic consequences. The etiology of the disease is unclear and is the result of a combination of multiple factors. Its development depends to a large extent on genetic factors, and the influence of acquired environmental factors accounts for 20-30%. The incidence of the disease varies greatly among countries and ethnic groups. It is more common in Caucasians, less common in Blacks, and most often seen in one family. In addition to age and BMD, risk factors for postmenopausal osteoporosis and fracture include the following: 1. Uncontrollable factors: history of fracture in adulthood, fracture in a first-degree relative, ethnicity, dementia, frailty, and braking status. 2. controllable factors: low body weight, smoking, excessive alcohol, coffee and carbonated beverages, etc., history of amenorrhea, premature menopause, lack of physical activity, dietary calcium and vitamin D deficiency, presence of diseases affecting bone metabolism and application of drugs affecting bone metabolism. The factors affecting osteoporosis in men are: increasing age, low body weight, alcohol consumption, smoking, coffee intake, glucocorticoid use, history of hyperthyroidism, history of peptic ulcer, history of chronic lung disease, history of rheumatoid arthritis, history of fracture after the age of 50, and height loss after the age of 20. Primary osteoporosis can occur in different genders and at any age, but it is mostly seen in postmenopausal women and older men. Pain, spinal deformation and the occurrence of fragility fractures are the most typical clinical manifestations of osteoporosis. However, many patients with osteoporosis often have no obvious conscious symptoms in the early stage, and are often found to have osteoporotic changes only after the fracture occurs by X-ray or bone density examination. Pain: Patients may have low back pain or peripheral pain, and the pain may increase when the load increases or the activity is limited, and in severe cases, there are difficulties in turning, sitting and walking. 2. Spinal deformation: Those with severe osteoporosis may have height shortening and hunchback. Vertebral compression fracture can lead to thoracic deformation, abdominal compression, affecting cardiopulmonary function, etc. 3. Fracture: A fracture occurs after mild trauma or daily activities as a fragility fracture. The common sites where fragility fractures occur are the thoracic and lumbar spine, the hip, the distal radius and ulna, and the proximal humerus. Fractures can also occur at other sites. After a fragility fracture, the risk of a second fracture increases significantly.