I. Colds
Colds are one of the most common illnesses that children get, and infants generally have an average of 4 to 5 colds per year.
Typical manifestations: fever, cough, runny nose, sore throat, etc. Different age groups have their own characteristics: small infants may have a slight fever or no fever, but they may cry, open mouth breathing and have difficulty sucking due to the prominent symptoms of nasal congestion; infants and toddlers often have local symptoms that are not obvious but systemic symptoms that are heavy, such as a sudden high fever of 39.5℃ to 40℃ that lasts for 1 to 2 days, and some children may have febrile convulsions.
Suggestion: Most colds are caused by viruses, and the pathogens mainly invade the nose, throat, tonsils and larynx and cause inflammation. When a child has a cold, medication should not be used casually, especially for small infants. It is important to distinguish the cause of the illness, whether it is a viral or bacterial infection, and then use medication for the cause. If a child has a cold combined with a fever, do not rush to reduce the fever, only when the body temperature exceeds 38.5 ℃ need to use antipyretic drugs.
Second, the most anxious disease – diarrhea
When a child suffers from diarrhea, the symptoms usually last for about a week, and parents are often anxious and distressed.
Typical performance: change in stool characteristics, the number of stools than usual significantly increased, and in severe cases, even dry skin, urine and other symptoms of dehydration.
Suggestions: There are two main causes of diarrhea in infants and young children: infectious and non-infectious. When a child has diarrhea, the first step is to identify the cause. Stool tests can be performed, and if the child also has fever symptoms, blood tests should also be performed. The medication for diarrhea should be decided according to the symptoms.
Three, the most easily recurring disease – eczema
The eczema on the baby’s face is recurring and troublesome for the mother.
Typical performance: eczema is mainly manifested as pinhead-sized red bumps, symmetrically distributed, the surface can be skinned, serious will be flowing, erosion. The forehead, chin and face are the most common sites for eczema, and in severe cases, the scalp, trunk and extremities are involved. Most babies have a very pronounced itching sensation, which makes them cry, irritable and even affects their sleep.
Suggestions: When there are only small red bumps, you can use topical hormonal creams with relatively few side effects, such as 1% hydrocortisone, Eudragit or Elocon, but stop using them as soon as the condition improves to avoid side effects. When fluid, vesicles, to use 3% boric acid water cold compress, three times a day, each time 20 to 30 minutes, cold compress can reduce skin edema and exudation. Most babies with eczema have very dry skin, and dryness can aggravate itching and cause scratching, and scratching can aggravate eczema. During the remission period, insist on rubbing your baby with fragrance-free and pigment-free emollients every day to moisturize the skin, reduce skin sensitivity, relieve itching and reduce the probability of eczema recurrence.
Four, the most alarming disease – infant and child emergency rash
The baby has been very healthy suddenly launched a high fever, fever down, the body appears a piece of small red spots, it turns out to be infant rash!
Typical performance: sudden onset of high fever, body temperature up to 39.5 ℃ or more, lasting 3 to 7 days. In the temperature subsides at the same time, the whole body appears slightly peachy rash or papules slightly above the skin surface. The rash is mainly dense on the trunk area, with sparse distribution on the face and extremities.
Recommendation: Infantile rash is a self-healing disease, and the baby will recover on its own after a week or so. However, the high body temperature at the time of illness makes parents very worried. Especially when the body temperature rises suddenly, about 10-15% of babies will have febrile convulsions that last 2-3 minutes. It is important to care for infants and children with acute rash. It is important to keep your baby hydrated by having him/her drink plenty of fluids. If the body temperature is too high, take antipyretics or other cooling measures. Infantile rash is a contagious disease that is spread mainly through respiratory droplets, often forming small epidemics in the spring and fall, most likely to affect babies from 6 months to 2 years old. Therefore, good hygiene habits can reduce the occurrence of the disease.
V. The easiest disease to detect – thrush
When babies suffer from thrush, even if they do not drink milk, there is a layer of white stuff in the mouth and on the tongue, which is easy to find.
Typical performance: White milk clot-like material appears on the oral mucosa, slightly higher than the mucosal surface, in small pieces at first, gradually fusing into a large area.
Recommendation: Thrush, also known as “snow mouth disease”, is caused by Candida albicans infection. The following methods can be used to prevent and treat thrush: 1. Before breastfeeding, wash your nipples with warm boiling water, and if necessary, use 2% sodium bicarbonate to coat your nipples before and after feeding; 2. The affected area, 3 to 5 times a day.
Six, the most easily ignored disease – urinary tract infections
When small babies suffer from urinary tract infections, they often show symptoms such as respiratory, digestive and systemic lesions, which are easily ignored by parents.
Typical manifestations: an increase in the number of diaper changes while each urination is small; a diaper rash or a foul odor found on the perineum, etc., may be characteristics of urinary tract infections.
Suggestion: Small babies cannot express themselves and the symptoms of urinary tract infections are not as obvious as other diseases, so parents need to observe them carefully. When a baby has a urinary tract infection, don’t give him drugs indiscriminately, let him drink more water, and if necessary, do a urine bacterial culture in order to choose an antibiotic that is not resistant and has minimal side effects.
Seven, the most easily misunderstood disease – diaper dermatitis
When the baby’s bottom is red again, parents generally think that it is the diapers that are to blame. In fact, although the diapers are mainly responsible, but not all responsibility.
Typical performance: The lighter ones show rough, red skin in the diaper-covered area. In severe cases, the skin can be raised and small red bumps appear. More severe cases even show skin breakouts and erosions.
Suggestion: The onset of diaper dermatitis is associated with sultry, moist and frictional irritation of the skin in the diaper area. But diaper dermatitis is not all about the diapers themselves. Not changing the baby’s diapers in time or the baby’s diarrhea are also common causes of diaper dermatitis. This is because untimely diaper changes can cause ammonia to be produced from the decomposition of stale urine in the diapers, and ammonia changes the pH of the skin, thus stimulating an inflammatory skin reaction. The key to avoiding diaper dermatitis is to keep your little bottom clean and dry. Diapers must be changed once every 2 to 4 hours. If you find that your little bottom is red, you can use topical 5% tannic acid ointment 3 to 4 times a day after cleaning, and it will usually improve significantly in 7 to 10 days. If no improvement is seen, see a doctor in time.
Eight, the earliest eye disease – dacryocystitis
Newborn babies usually have no tears, if your little one is born with teary eyes, it is likely to be dacryocystitis.
Typical manifestations: tearfulness, discharge from the eyes, and in severe cases, pressure on the skin of the lacrimal sac area, purulent discharge can be seen overflowing from the tear dots.
Suggestion: The human tear duct consists of tear dots, tear ducts and tear sacs. During fetal life, there is a membrane at the lower end of the nasolacrimal duct. The vast majority of newborns are born with the membrane tissue of the nasolacrimal duct intact, and it ruptures before the lacrimal gland begins to secrete (about 3 weeks after birth). If this membrane does not rupture, then, after the tear glands start to secrete, tears will be trapped in the lacrimal sac, and the tears will be blocked in the duct for a long time, irritating the mucous membrane of the duct lumen and causing bacterial infection, which will cause lacrimal sac inflammation. Since most babies are still in the stage of continued development of the tear ducts within 6 months of birth, conservative treatment methods are generally adopted at the beginning of treatment.
Nine, the most urgent disease – acute intussusception
Acute intussusception is a unique emergency in infancy, which can lead to a series of serious complications if the best time for treatment is missed.
Typical manifestations: the first symptom of intussusception is paroxysmal crying. Vomiting is another early symptom, appearing shortly after the onset of pain. Blood in the stool occurs mostly 6 to 12 hours after the start of the disease, with the discharge of a thin, mucousy, jam-colored liquid that is repeated several times a few hours later.
Suggestions: There are two types of treatment for intussusception: surgical and non-surgical. Early detection and consultation can be cured by air enema repositioning. If the diagnosis and treatment are delayed, open surgery is required to reset.
Ten, the earliest time to prevent the disease – rickets
”Will he be deficient in calcium?” This is a question often asked by mothers. In order for your baby not to be deficient in calcium, you need to prevent it early from before he is born.
Typical manifestations: The manifestations of rickets lack specificity. Excessive sweating, night terrors, occipital baldness, rib cage exostosis and late teething may be manifestations of rickets.
Suggestions: Rickets is more often referred to as “calcium deficiency”, as if rickets is caused by calcium deficiency. In fact, rickets can be caused by calcium deficiency, vitamin D deficiency, or both. Rickets is mainly seen in infants and children during the rapid growth period. Based on current research findings, prevention of rickets in infants should begin during pregnancy, with pregnant women taking calcium supplements in addition to a certain amount of time outdoors each day, more sun exposure, or preventive vitamin D.