Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) released the latest data on cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide.According to WHO, CVD is the leading cause of death worldwide, with an estimated 17.1 million deaths from CVD in 2004, accounting for 29% of global deaths. More than 82% of CVD deaths occurred in low- and middle-income countries, with rates almost equal for men and women. The main causes of CVD deaths in LMICs are a high burden of CVD risk factors, inadequate preventive measures, and lack of health care services. At the macroeconomic level, CVD imposes a heavy economic burden on LMICs. Heart disease, stroke, and diabetes are estimated to reduce gross national product (GDP) by 1–5 percent, while causing many premature deaths. It is estimated that China will lose $558 billion in GDP from 2006 – 2015 due to heart disease, stroke and diabetes. By 2030, about 23.6 million people worldwide are expected to die from CVD, mainly from heart disease and stroke. the largest increase in the proportion of CVD deaths will be in the eastern Mediterranean region, and the largest increase in deaths will be in Southeast Asia. According to WHO, CVD can be prevented through behaviors such as healthy diet, regular exercise and non-smoking. From a macro perspective, a population level approach should be taken, with broad and uniform measures targeting people at risk or already sick, including comprehensive tobacco control policies, reducing the intake of foods rich in fat, sugar and salt, building sidewalks and bike paths to increase exercise, and schools providing healthy diets for children. In addition, comprehensive control should target the major common risk factors for chronic diseases such as CVD, diabetes and cancer (unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and smoking). Heart disease and stroke are at high risk of recurrence and should be treated with a combination of statins, antihypertensive drugs and aspirin, and surgery if necessary.