There are three curative treatments for prostate cancer: radical surgery, radioactive particle implantation, and external radiation therapy. Particle implantation for prostate cancer has its roots in the past century and has been rapidly developed in the last 20 years with the advancement of related technologies. So it is a long-standing and rejuvenating form of prostate cancer treatment. Radioactive particle implantation for prostate cancer simply requires the placement of radioactive particles into the prostate through puncture under ultrasound guidance in accordance with a designed particle distribution scheme, without the need for incision. Therefore, it is less invasive, less complications, faster recovery, and more effective. With radioactive particle implantation for prostate cancer, the 5-year serum PSA progression-free survival rate can reach 71%-91%, which is comparable to the effect of radical prostate cancer surgery. Patients with radioactive prostate cancer implants have better sexual and urinary function than those who underwent radical prostate cancer surgery. Patients implanted with radioactive particles for prostate cancer have better bowel function than patients treated with external radiation therapy. In many countries, radioactive particle implantation for prostate cancer can be done on an outpatient basis without hospitalization. In the United States, more than 80% of the patients with particle implantation are prostate cancer patients, and 5% of the patients with early stage prostate cancer were treated with particle implantation in 2001, which will increase to 35% in 2005, while surgical treatment will decrease from 35% to 5%. These data illustrate the trust of patients and physicians in the United States for particle implantation therapy. In China, radioactive particle implantation for prostate cancer has been carried out for more than 10 years and has made rapid progress in recent years. More and more doctors and patients are choosing this less invasive and more effective treatment for prostate cancer.