About 200 million people worldwide currently suffer from asthma. In China, 33% of people with asthma have needed hospitalization or emergency treatment for asthma in the past year, 58% have missed work due to asthma, 79% have been unable to perform normal sports and leisure activities, 63% have had to change their old lifestyles due to asthma, 68% have had their sleep affected at night due to asthma, and 74% have been unable to perform normal physical 74% of patients are unable to perform normal physical activities due to asthma. At the same time, less than 10% of asthma patients in China’s major cities receive inhaled glucocorticoid therapy as recommended for the standardized treatment of asthma, a percentage that is still far from that of developed Western countries. The current status of treatment for asthma patients in China is unsatisfactory, and one of the main reasons for this is that there are many irregularities in treatment. Many patients only treat the symptoms of asthma, but not the underlying cause; patients have an unfounded fear of inhaled hormones, stop taking them without permission, do not obey the treatment plan of physicians, and believe in the so-called “secret recipes and partial prescriptions”. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen the publicity and popularization of standardized treatment. There is a rumor in China that “respiratory doctors do not treat asthma”, that is the old calendar, but now respiratory specialists specialize in treating asthma, and the treatment effect is very good. There are four common misconceptions that affect the treatment of asthma. Myth 1: Asthma is not curable. Because of the complex causes and pathogenesis of asthma, it is still very difficult to cure it fundamentally or once and for all. After all, asthma is a chronic disease and it is unrealistic to try to achieve never recurrence through momentary treatment. However, patients and their families do not have to be negative, lose confidence in the cure, or even despair or seek a cure instead of asthma. In fact, with the progress of medical research in recent years, asthma is curable in terms of symptoms. The internationally accepted treatment goals are: no (or minimal) chronic symptoms, including nocturnal symptoms; no (or minimal) acute exacerbations of asthma; no emergency room visits; minimal (or no) use of β2 agonists; no physical activity or exercise limitations; and basically normal lung function. With proper and effective treatment, the patient’s symptoms can disappear completely and he/she can live and work normally as a healthy person. Myth 2: Asthma does not need to be treated when there are no symptoms, and when it is wheezing, then treat it. There are different types of asthma, and their treatment should be individualized. Patients with intermittent attacks of asthma (such as typical allergic asthma), with short attacks, can be treated during asthma attacks; patients with perennial and frequent asthma attacks must adhere to long-term and regular treatment to do so. Such patients who do not pay attention to the treatment of the stable period will easily lead to recurrent asthma symptoms, affecting the quality of life, and in the long run, irreversible bronchial deformation damage will occur and become chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Both doctors and patients should get out of the misconception of treating only the exacerbation period of asthma and ignoring the remission period, and treating only the symptoms but not the root cause. Myth 3: Thinking that hormones have great side effects and are unwilling to accept inhaled hormone therapy. The essence of asthma is airway inflammation, and glucocorticoids are the most effective drugs for treating airway inflammation. However, oral and intravenous injections are systemic medications, which can be effective at the time but have many side effects on the body when applied for a long time. There are many such patients in outpatient clinics, who either listened to the advertisements or just pursued the immediate effect, and misused oral hormone therapy for a long time, resulting in side effects such as obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes and osteoporosis, and it is difficult to control their condition when they have another asthma attack. In fact, the main ingredients of some advertised “asthma medications” are hormones and short-acting beta agonists. The correct asthma treatment should be inhaled glucocorticosteroids first, with inhaled long-acting beta agonists added according to the degree of the disease, and short-acting beta agonists only when there are acute symptoms. Inhaled hormones only work locally in the airways and are basically not absorbed into the bloodstream, and the applied dose is very small, usually less than 1 mg per day (while prednisone is 5 mg per pill), so no significant side effects occur even with lifelong standardized inhaled glucocorticoid therapy for asthma. With standardized treatment, patients can completely achieve the effect of no asthma symptoms, no acute exacerbations, no nighttime suffocation, no need to see the emergency room, no exercise restrictions, and no side effects from treatment. However, in China, due to people’s fear of hormones, less than 10% of inhaled hormones are preferred for asthma control, and too much reliance is placed on acute relieving drugs, and even long-term misuse of hormones by mistaken belief in advertisements. Myth 4: After asthma symptoms are controlled, there is no need to continue treatment. For a long time some patients, their families and even clinicians only pay attention to the treatment of exacerbations, and once the asthma symptoms are relieved, they misjudge it as a cure and stop the treatment, which results in recurrent asthma attacks and prolonged treatment, and serious cases develop into emphysema and pulmonary heart disease and lose the ability to work. Asthma exacerbations are episodic, but airway inflammation is long-lasting. Inhalation of glucocorticoids or combined with inhaled long-acting β-agonists can suppress airway inflammation well and control asthma more effectively than treating acute bronchoconstriction alone. Once asthma is controlled, inhalation therapy should be maintained for at least 3 months, and then the physician should be asked to develop the next treatment plan as appropriate. Proper evaluation of asthma condition and severity is a very critical part of asthma treatment. Pulmonary function tests are one of the important tools for diagnosing asthma, evaluating the severity of asthma and the effectiveness of treatment. Respiratory specialists now have more standardized methods of asthma control tests and use them to guide the treatment of patients. It is worth noting that at present, many health screening organizations do not include pulmonary function tests as routine tests, which also prevents early detection of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which have a high incidence, resulting in a large number of underdiagnosis, misdiagnosis and delayed treatment of such diseases.