People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) should pay attention to protecting kidney function at all times in their lives, so what are the factors that affect kidney function? I. Factors affecting the progression of chronic kidney disease can be divided into two major categories. 1. Factors that cannot be changed: such as age, gender, race and genes. The incidence of kidney disease increases with age, and the incidence of ESRD increases most markedly in elderly men. 2. controllable factors affecting the course and prognosis of CKD: including systemic blood pressure, proteinuria and metabolic factors (hyperglycemia, abnormal lipid metabolism, smoking, alcohol abuse, etc.) important risk factors. (1) Proteinuria: A large number of studies suggest that proteinuria is an important indicator for determining the prognosis of kidney disease. In most patients with glomerulonephritis, those with large amounts of persistent proteinuria have a poor prognosis, while those with low or controlled amounts of urinary protein have a good prognosis. The prognosis of patients with diabetic nephropathy or non-diabetic nephropathy is improved by controlling dietary protein intake or controlling urinary protein excretion with ACEI . (2) Hypertension: CKD progression is associated with systemic hypertension, and the deterioration of renal function is accelerated by increased blood pressure . (3) Blood glucose: poor glycemic control is an important risk factor for the development of renal damage in diabetic patients. Clinical experiments have confirmed that intensive insulin therapy to maintain blood glucose at near normal levels for a long time can effectively delay the onset of diabetic nephropathy and slow down its progression. (4) Blood lipids: High blood may be involved in the progression of renal disease. Abnormal lipid metabolism can lead to the development of glomerulosclerosis. (5) Obesity: In fact, obesity not only increases the risk of CKD, but also accelerates the progression of CKD. In patients with IgA nephropathy and renal transplantation, obesity is an independent risk factor for accelerated decline in renal function. (6) Hyperuricemia: hyperuricemia is associated with systemic hypertension, cardiovascular disease and kidney disease. (7) Smoking: Smoking causes an increase in blood pressure and affects renal hemodynamics, causing an accelerated decline in GFR. Measures to prevent and control the progression of CKD: How to prevent CKD patients at an early stage and delay the progression of chronic renal failure is the main problem faced by clinical workers. The so-called early prevention (primary prevention) refers to the timely and effective treatment of existing kidney diseases or diseases that may cause kidney damage (such as diabetes, hypertension, etc.) to prevent the occurrence of CKD. Secondary Prevention (Secondary Prevention) refers to the treatment of patients with mild to moderate impairment of kidney function to delay the progression of the disease and prevent the occurrence of ESRD. Especially in a developing country with a large population like China, where dialysis and kidney transplantation are not yet common due to economic reasons, it is especially important to pay attention to the early prevention function of delaying the progression of CKD. In summary, according to the viewpoint of evidence-based medicine, the main measures to delay the progression of chronic kidney disease are summarized as follows: (1) Blood pressure and proteinuria must be detected and controlled effectively for a long time. (2) Patients with CRF should avoid a high-protein diet, but it should be noted that a restricted protein intake in the diet (0.6 g?kg ?d) may lead to the development of malnutrition. If the patient is required to have a protein-restricted diet, the patient’s nutritional status should be evaluated regularly. (3) Patients with hypertension and proteinuria need to restrict salt intake (sodium 60-80 mmol/d, i.e. NaCl 4-6 g/d). This is especially important when ACEI and ARB are used in these patients. (4) Reduce the intake of saturated fatty acids in CRF patients. (5) Patients with CRF who have hypertension need to control the intake of alcohol and have less than 2 meals a day. (6) Patients with CRF should be advised to quit smoking. (7) Attention should be paid to the prevention of early complications of CFR, such as anemia, metabolic acidosis, low calcium and high phosphorus and renal osteodystrophy. Control of hyperphosphatemia should be accompanied by prevention and control of vascular calcification. (8) Avoid the application of nephrotoxic drugs, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics with nephrotoxicity, intravenous contrast agents, and close testing of renal function when ACEI is applied.