Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional bowel disease, a group of clinical syndromes including abdominal pain, abdominal distension, changes in bowel habits and abnormal stool characteristics, mucus stools and other manifestations that persist or recur. Irritable bowel syndrome has a high incidence and is the most common functional bowel disease, with the majority of patients being young and middle-aged and women. The disease is not big, but tormented.
The causes of irritable bowel syndrome are still unclear, mainly abnormal gastrointestinal dynamics, abnormal visceral perception, psychological factors, food intolerance, etc. More experts believe that psychological disorders are an important factor in the development of irritable bowel syndrome. More experts believe that psychosomatic disorders are an important factor in the development of irritable bowel syndrome. It is also believed that intestinal infection is also a cause of irritable bowel syndrome, because many patients with irritable bowel syndrome have a history of acute intestinal infection.
The symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome are mainly abdominal pain. Almost all patients with irritable bowel syndrome have different degrees of abdominal pain, mostly in the lower abdomen and left lower abdomen, mostly relieved after defecation or exhaustion. In addition to abdominal pain, patients have symptoms of diarrhea and constipation, with diarrhea being the most common, often accompanied by a feeling of bloating, unclean bowel movements, and a sense of bowel embarrassment.
In some patients, diarrhea and constipation occur alternately; in some patients, constipation is the main symptom, with difficulty in defecation, dry stool, small amount of stool, in the shape of sheep feces or fine rod, with mucus on the surface; in patients with diarrhea as the main symptom, diarrhea is usually about 3-5 times a day, and in a few severe episodes, it can be more than 10 times. There is a lot of mucus in the stool, but there is no pus or blood.
The diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome mainly relies on symptoms, but to exclude organic lesions, for those aged 40 years or older, especially with weight loss, black stools or blood in the stool, pus and blood, the condition gradually worsened should be colonoscopy, mainly to exclude tumors.
For the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, we should pay attention to dietary regimen, such as eating meals on time, eating less cold food, such as cold beer and refrigerator food; eating less greasy food; avoiding irritating food, such as chili, pepper, garlic, onion, mustard, wine, soft drinks, etc., as well as food that can easily cause allergies, such as milk or dairy products, pollen, shrimp, crab, etc.
For patients with food allergy tendencies, a food log is now recommended. If eating dairy products aggravates your symptoms, you can eat less of such foods, and if needed, try yogurt. More meat can cause painful cramps and diarrhea in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Reducing meat intake and eating small, frequent meals can help reduce symptoms. For patients with constipation, dietary fiber can reduce irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. Cereals, beans, fruits, and vegetables are rich sources of fiber, and high-fiber foods can prevent progressive intestinal spasms by causing mild dilatation of the colon. High-fiber foods can cause flatulence and bloating, and these symptoms will disappear soon within a few months after the body has adapted to these foods.
V. As long as the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome is clear, there is no need to worry about the development of other diseases VI. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 1. Psychotherapy: It has become common knowledge that psychological factors may affect the clinical symptoms, symptom types and severity of patients. Nowadays, special attention is paid to the importance of a good doctor-patient relationship, and physicians should give full understanding and communication to patients with psychological disorders and maintain long-term Cognitive therapy is a short-term psychological treatment model that aims to establish the correct cognition of the individual, correct the patient’s misinterpreted knowledge of the disease through cognitive education and behavior, achieve the reconstruction of correct cognition, and alleviate or eliminate psychological disorders and somatic symptoms. Emphasis is placed on recognizing the benign nature of the disease suffered with a good prognosis, building confidence in treatment, and helping patients adjust their emotions and behaviors to achieve long-term relief of clinical symptoms and improve quality of life.
2. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome by type.
The diarrhea type is preferred to Desutex (also known as pivetonium bromide), which is administered as one 50 mg tablet three times a day. If the disease is accompanied by intestinal flora imbalance, probiotic preparations are effective, commonly used are Rejuveno, Gold Bifidus, Triptans, Quadruplex, and Rectify, etc., can choose any one, 2-3 capsules each time, 3 times a day. Sometimes one kind is ineffective, change to another kind will be effective. Do not stop taking them immediately after the effect, but gradually reduce the dose until the minimum effective dose is maintained, and there is no adverse reaction when taken for a long time. A very small number of stubborn diarrhea, taking the above drugs is not effective, you can apply the appropriate amount of montmorillonite, medicinal charcoal and other anti-intestinal peristaltic drugs, but should not be long-term.
Constipation type: laxative drugs can be applied as appropriate, the choice of cellulose preparations or soft water colloid preparations is good, commonly used are fosone, lactulose, etc., pro-gastrointestinal dynamics drugs such as cisapride or mosapride can also be applied alone or in combination with the above drugs. The recently listed tegaserod (Zemac) has good efficacy for this type, 6 mg each time, once in the morning and once in the evening, taken before meals.
3. Adjunctive antidepressants: In addition, irritable bowel syndrome is often accompanied by depressive symptoms, and some antidepressants are also used when the above drugs are ineffective, such as LuoYuTai, Delixin, etc.