Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a major problem that causes lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) such as difficulty urinating, frequency and urgency, and affects the health of older men. Nearly 50% – around 80 years of age – of older men have moderate to severe LUTS symptoms, leading to a decrease in their quality of life and the need for pharmacological or surgical treatment. The traditional surgical treatment is transurethral electrodesiccation of the prostate, which is not an anatomical removal of the prostate and is prone to recurrence after surgery and has disadvantages such as long hospital stays and excessive bleeding. Holmium laser is a new type of laser produced by a pulsed solid laser device made of laser crystals (Cr:Tm:Ho:YAG) with yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) as the activating medium and doped with sensitized ion chromium (Cr), energy transfer ion thulium (Tm), and activated ion holmium (Ho). It can be used in urology, pentacology, dermatology, gynecology and other departmental surgeries. This laser surgery is non-invasive or minimally invasive, and the patient’s treatment pain is very low. The application of holmium laser has brought the treatment of urinary stones to a new level. Holmium laser has a wavelength of 2.1 μm and is a pulsed laser, which is the newest of the many lasers currently used for surgical procedures. The energy generated vaporizes the water between the end of the fiber and the stone, forming tiny vacuoles, and transmits the energy to the stone, which crushes it into powder form. The water absorbs a large amount of energy, reducing the damage to the surrounding tissue. At the same time, the penetration depth of holmium laser is very shallow, only 0.38 mm, so it can be used to break stones with minimal damage to the surrounding tissues and is extremely safe. The previously used lasers have many disadvantages, such as non-pulsed carbon dioxide laser, which uses thermal effect to vaporize stones, and has high thermal damage due to high temperature (2000-3000℃); pulsed laser, such as dye laser, which is not effective for cystine stones without pigment; neodymium laser, which cannot be used for lithotripsy treatment due to poor accuracy.