Due to the lack of specific symptoms, many thyroid tumors are found by chance or unintentionally touched by others. With the improvement of living standard and health awareness, more and more thyroid diseases are detected by professional physicians during medical checkups. Another feature is that the proportion of malignant tumors among thyroid tumors, that is, thyroid cancer, is also increasing, and the exact reason for this is still unclear. The treatment of cervical lymph node is recommended to perform therapeutic cervical dissection for positive clinical lymph nodes, often using the traditional “three preserved or five preserved” modified cervical dissection, which does not include preserving the cervical plexus nerve to maintain its function. The long-term complications mainly include numbness, soreness, pain, and limitation of shoulder joint movement around the ear, neck and shoulder, and the upper and lower clavicle areas, large and long incision, which seriously affects the quality of life and self-confidence of the patients, especially young women who love beauty, resulting in low self-esteem, social impairment and even anorexia. In order to take into account the beauty and function of the tumor, a lot of researches have been conducted at home and abroad, including the law of metastasis of thyroid cancer lymph nodes in the neck, the design of incision, and the surgical approach. After efforts, it is now concluded that papillary thyroid cancer neck metastasis is generally limited to specific lymphatic subdivisions, and if there is no extensive metastasis and no extra-envelope invasion, the purpose of radical tumor treatment can be completely achieved by clearing specific areas within the fascia, while those extra-fascial tissues can be preserved as long as they are not directly invaded and involved, without worrying about the thoroughness of surgery. Under the guidance of this theory, modified neck dissection through a large round neck incision with preservation of the cervical plexus nerve is the best surgical approach at present, which not only preserves the function of the neck as much as possible, but also has a relatively cosmetic effect. Of course, not all patients are suitable for this procedure. At present, it is considered that prophylactic neck clearance and clinical lymph node positive papillary thyroid cancer with lymph node metastasis limited to area VI or small paraganglionic lymph nodes (N<3 cm) without extraperitoneal invasion are more suitable for this procedure, but of course, it should be performed by experienced oncologic surgeons in qualified oncology specialties. Of course, it should be performed by experienced oncologic surgeons in qualified oncology specialties.