Kidney stones have been treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, renal pelvis, renal parenchyma or combined open stone extraction. However, the efficiency of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is low, the residual stone rate is high, and it can not help those with renal calyces, pelvic outlet stenosis or inferior calyces stones, and other traditional open stone extraction has great damage and slow recovery. In some developed countries in Europe and the United States, these treatment modalities have been replaced by percutaneous nephrolithotomy and ureteroscopic lithotripsy. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Disadvantages: one or several eyes on the waist (kidney), risk of haemorrhage. Advantages: minimally invasive, high efficiency in stone removal, low residual stone rate, fast recovery.