Lung segments belong to the lower anatomical level of the lung lobes, which are composed of multiple lung segments. Segmental lung resection is a limited lung resection, also known as anatomical sublobar resection. Segmental lung resection is usually used for the treatment of benign lung disease, but it can also be used for the treatment of patients with lung metastases and lung cancer with poor lung reserve function. I. Advantages of lung segmental resection For the surgical treatment of lung diseases, it was once popular internationally to perform lobectomy, which accounts for 70% or more of lung surgery. For benign lung diseases, lobectomy was previously usually considered the smallest resection unit for performing surgical treatment to ensure the surgical outcome of benign lung diseases. However, lobectomy suffers from the defects of excessive removal of normal lung tissue and insufficient preservation of lung function, and even runs counter to the current minimally invasive concept pursued in surgery. In contrast, lung segment resection removes only the lung segment within the lesion, avoiding the removal of the entire lung lobe. With advances in technology and increased understanding of lung surgery, more and more studies have found that segmental lung resection can achieve the same therapeutic results as lobectomy while minimizing trauma and preserving lung function. Compared with lobectomy, segmental lung resection has the following advantages: 1) less trauma, only one or several lung segments of the lesion are removed, which reduces the damage to the tissue caused by lobectomy; 2) less normal lung tissue is removed, and the lung segments that are not involved in the lesion are preserved under the premise of ensuring the radical treatment of lung disease, which has obvious benefits for the reconstruction and recovery of the body’s function after surgery; 3) more lung functions are preserved. The surgery only removes one or several lung segments of the lesion, and the lung segments not involved in the lesion are preserved, which is better than lobectomy for the preservation of postoperative lung function; 4, for patients with bilateral lesions, lung segment resection can leave enough lung function reserve for the second stage surgery. 2.Early stage lung cancer: early stage lung cancer can be treated by lung segmental resection and systematic lymph node sampling and dissection. Some studies have shown that the postoperative recurrence rate and 5-year survival rate of non-small cell lung cancer patients with stage IA pathology undergoing segmental lung resection are not significantly different from those of lobectomy; 3, other lung malignant diseases: for patients with primary lung cancer with restricted lung function, segmental lung resection can also be used. Traditional lung segment resection still inevitably requires open-heart operation, and the defects caused by open-heart operation, such as large surgical trauma, obvious pain, long postoperative recovery time and difficulty in recovering lung function, have always been a problem for patients and thoracic surgeons. With the introduction and development of thoracoscopic technology, the defects of open-heart surgery have been compensated to some extent. Total thoracoscopic lung segment resection can be performed with only 3-4 small 1cm holes in the chest wall, which has the advantages of less trauma, less pain, faster recovery and better preservation of lung function. Compared with traditional open lung segment resection, patients undergoing total thoracoscopic lung segment resection have significantly reduced postoperative pain scores, analgesic dosage, need for intercostal nerve block, and sleep disturbance, and the duration of indwelling chest drains and hospital stay are significantly shorter, with significantly fewer postoperative complications. However, complete thoracoscopic resection of lung segments is quite difficult. The technical level of the surgeon is very high, which requires not only skilled traditional open-heart technique, but also advanced thoracoscopic technique and rich experience in thoracoscopic surgery. As a difficult landmark surgery in minimally invasive thoracic surgery, only a few hospitals in China can perform it. Tongji Hospital Thoracic Surgery Department is one of the few departments in China that can perform full thoracoscopic lung segment resection. Our treatment team successfully performed the first complete thoracoscopic lung segment resection in Hubei Province recently, which is not only a reflection of our team’s comprehensive strength, but also marks a new level of minimally invasive thoracic surgery technology in Tongji Hospital, which is in the leading position in China.