The alveolar bone is the part of the upper and lower jaw bone that surrounds the roots of the teeth. The alveolar bone consists of osteochondral, osteo-cortical and intrinsic alveolar bone. The intrinsic alveolar bone is a dense bone with a sieve structure, close to the roots and the inner wall of the periodontium. The intrinsic alveolar bone houses the roots in the alveolar sockets and is capable of changing according to external forces, resorbing if a pressure is applied and growing if a tension is applied. This unique biological basis is the principle of orthodontic movement. The bone cortex, located on the labial and lingual surfaces of the jaws, is the dense bone that is connected to the outer plates of the upper and lower jaws and is capable of distributing stress. The cancellous bone is located between the bone cortex and the intrinsic alveolar bone, with many small cavities of bone marrow connected to each other, and trabeculae also located in the cancellous bone. The teeth on the alveolar bone play a supporting role, and the chewing stimulus can be transmitted to the alveolar bone to stimulate the reconstruction of the alveolar bone, and if a child chews on one side for a long time during development, it will lead to asymmetric jaw development. If the missing teeth are not restored in time, the alveolar bone loses the physiological stimulation of the teeth and atrophy of the alveolar bone will occur.