Kidney cysts, also known as cystic kidney disease, are divided into many types. Some renal cysts are associated with genetic factors, such as polycystic kidney. The most common is still common renal cysts. Patients with renal cysts may experience discomfort or pain in the lower back and abdomen. Some patients may develop kidney stones secondary to renal cysts, and a few patients may develop hypertension secondary to cyst bleeding or develop corresponding symptoms due to cyst infection. Diagnosis is mainly made by ultrasound and CT imaging, and common renal cyst can be classified into 4 grades according to CT performance, and for some patients with genetic-related renal cysts, genetic testing can be performed. For common cysts below grade 2, if there is no discomfort or comorbidity, they can be observed and checked regularly. For larger renal cysts with discomfort in the lower back and abdomen or secondary hypertension, bleeding or infection, surgical debulking or puncture and drainage of the cyst may be considered. For complex cysts of grade 3 or above or those considered cystic kidney cancer should be actively treated by surgery.