Kidney cysts can be divided into two types: simple renal cysts and polycystic kidneys. Simple renal cysts are usually formed later in life and may develop from renal tubular diverticula. The probability of getting kidney cysts may become higher as we age. Simple renal cysts usually have no serious harm, but after the cysts grow up, they may produce compression symptoms, leading to back pain, and may be combined with urinary tract infection and hematuria. Polycystic kidney is usually congenital and hereditary, and in addition to having polycystic kidney, it is often combined with polycystic liver. Polycystic liver tends to destroy the tissue structure of the kidney, which may eventually cause renal insufficiency, and some patients may even develop uremia in the late stage, seriously endangering patients’ lives.