The survival period of patients with nephrolithiasis is related to the severity of the patient’s condition. Patients with mild nephrolithiasis have no difference in life expectancy from normal people, while those with moderate to severe nephrolithiasis have a shorter survival period, which may be only a few days to a few years. Different degrees of hydronephrosis have different degrees of damage to the kidneys. Mild hydronephrosis has less impact on the kidneys and can be cured after active treatment of the original disease. In case of moderate to severe hydronephrosis, it can compress the pelvic calyces and seriously affect the kidney function, which can lead to water and sodium retention, chronic renal failure and uremia in the long run, and may be complicated by urinary tract infection, which can lead to death in the short term without active treatment and intervention. There are many causes of hydronephrosis, so the specific cause should be clarified and symptomatic treatment should be carried out. In severe cases, symptomatic treatment should be given first to save lives, and then treatment should be given for the cause, including with Chinese medicine.