Otitis media may be caused by pathogen infection, Eustachian tube dysfunction, and allergic reactions. Common otitis media are categorized as secretory otitis media, acute and chronic suppurative otitis media and so on. Once otitis media is considered, it is recommended to go to the otorhinolaryngologist as soon as possible for professional examination and treatment. 1. Pathogen infection: acute secretory otitis media, acute suppurative otitis media and chronic suppurative otitis media, mainly caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, etc. Chronic secretory otitis media is often accompanied by viral infection in addition to bacterial infection. 2. Eustachian tube dysfunction: when the patient’s Eustachian tube is dysfunctional, the normal secretions of the middle ear cannot be discharged, which may easily lead to middle ear infections. 3. Metabolic reaction (allergic factors): the middle ear has an independent immune defense system, when there is an infection, due to the presence of bacteria and inflammatory mediators in the middle ear, resulting in fluid accumulation in the middle ear, which often leads to chronic secretion otitis media. Allergic rhinitis patients, due to the Eustachian tube pharyngeal mucosal edema, also prone to secretory otitis media. 4. Other diseases: otitis media may also be associated with laryngopharyngeal reflux, mastoid dyspnea, cleft palate, family history and other causes. Once suspected otitis media, it is recommended that patients go to the hospital in time, under the diagnosis of the doctor, according to the patient’s condition targeted treatment. Care should be taken in daily life to keep the ears clean and prevent colds.