Ruptured cerebral aneurysm causing subarachnoid hemorrhage

  Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) caused by ruptured intracranial aneurysm is a common emergency, critical and severe disease in neurology. There are about 200,000 new aneurysm patients in China every year, and the incidence is second only to cerebral thrombosis and hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. The mortality rate of first SAH is 30-40%; the mortality rate of rebleeding is even higher than 60-70%. Therefore, active treatment to prevent rebleeding is of great significance in clinical treatment. At present, for patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, it has become common knowledge among neurologists to actively perform relevant examinations, such as cranial CTA, MRA or cerebral angiography, to determine the presence of aneurysm while treating them medically. The Interventional Department of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, which initially advocated and implemented this concept in our province, formulated the code of practice for cerebral angiography as early as 2005, making this technique an undisputedly safe and effective means of confirming cerebral aneurysms. Almost synchronized with the international, the Interventional Department of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, led by Prof. Li Tianxiao, was the first to carry out intracavitary interventional treatment of cerebral aneurysm in China, which was a milestone in the history of minimally invasive treatment of cerebral aneurysm in our province. After that, Professor Li Tianxiao guided his team to be innovative and good at summarizing, and successively performed the first case of Neuroform stent-assisted shaping embolization of intracranial wide carotid aneurysm in the province, stent “kissing” assisted shaping embolization, “open” embolization of intracranial giant aneurysm, and “open” embolization of intracranial giant aneurysm. “The team has broadened the indications for aneurysm intervention and made it possible to cure aneurysms in the brainstem and thalamus, which are traditionally off-limits to craniotomy. The team has been sharing the accumulated lessons with colleagues in the province in the form of seminars, training courses, stroke express and professional salons. With the updated knowledge and improved technical equipment in recent years, the detection rate of cerebral aneurysms in SAH patients has increased significantly in various cities in the province, and some local hospitals are even equipped to carry out cerebral aneurysm interventions independently, creating good social and economic benefits. The Department of Interventional Medicine of the Provincial People’s Hospital has established good cooperation with the University of California (UCLA) Research and Development Center, Gonzaga University Clinical Hospital in France and ASAN Medical Center in Korea, relying on its own cerebrovascular ward, and is working on a series of national cutting-edge research topics such as embolization treatment of complex aneurysms, imaging research of aneurysm walls, intracavernous hemodynamic analysis of aneurysms and genetic basis of cerebral aneurysm occurrence. He has published the results of his research in SCI and national core journals.  Including intracranial aneurysms, the minimally invasive treatment of diseases has become the future trend. In Europe and North America, it accounts for almost 80% of all treated aneurysms, especially for aneurysms that are inaccessible or unclampable by craniotomy, embolization is the only option. The conclusions of the International Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) 2009 further affirm the long-term efficacy of embolization after intracranial aneurysm embolization.  The development of the neurological group in the interventional department of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital accompanies every step of neurology improvement in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, thus forming a good interaction and cycle. Now it holds a variety of intracranial treatment techniques for aneurysms and treats 120-150 patients with intracranial aneurysms every year, which has become a characteristic and a benchmark of the hospital in terms of hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases represented by intracranial aneurysms.  Typical cases Giant aneurysm intracranial giant wide carotid aneurysm is very difficult to be treated by either craniotomy clamping or simple spring coil embolization. Surgery by ligating the proximal end of the artery or directly clamping the aneurysm can be used only when there is sufficient collateral circulation, and the surgery is traumatic, dangerous and has many complications, while stent-assisted aneurysm embolization is less traumatic and has relatively less complications, and there are many new Embolization techniques and materials are available, providing a better method for minimally invasive treatment of complex cases, but sometimes it is difficult to achieve dense embolization with a single embolization, and second-stage embolization treatment may be required.  Liu××, female, 65 years old, was admitted to the hospital with “headache and progressive vision loss in the left eye for 1 month”. Stent-assisted embolization was given (Figure B), and the embolization was satisfactory, with no residual aneurysm neck. Six months later, the aneurysm was reexamined (Figure C and D), suggesting residual aneurysm neck. Re-embolization (Figure E), suggesting complete embolization of the aneurysm Multiple aneurysms Multiple aneurysms account for 10%-30% of intracranial aneurysms and are more complex to diagnose and treat than single aneurysms, with a higher morbidity and mortality rate. In general, the number of aneurysms in patients with multiple aneurysms is most common at 2. The more the number of aneurysms, the rarer they are, and it is even rarer to have ≥4 patients with intracranial aneurysms at the same time. In this case, a total of four aneurysms were found on cerebral angiography after subarachnoid hemorrhage, and the wide neck of the aneurysm made treatment difficult, and all of them were successfully embolized in our department in the first stage.  Du××, female, 62 years old, was admitted to the hospital with “sudden onset of headache and vomiting for more than 1 week”. The angiogram showed multiple aneurysms (Figure A and B). Figure A1 and B1 are three-dimensional reconstructions. The anterior communicating artery aneurysm was considered as the responsible lesion and was embolized first (Figure C), then the right middle cerebral artery aneurysm (Figure D), followed by the right ophthalmic artery segment aneurysm (Figure E), and finally the left ophthalmic artery segment aneurysm (Figure F and G).