It is well known that myopia is hereditary. If both parents are myopic, the offspring will be myopic almost 100% of the time; if one parent is myopic, the probability of the offspring being myopic is more than 50%. There is no reliable and effective method to avoid the transmission of parental myopia to the next generation, but it is possible to prevent non-genetic myopia in the offspring and control the degree of genetic myopia.
Studies have found that myopia is formed by a variety of factors, which can be divided into three main categories: one is parental inheritance; the second is low birth weight and prematurity; and the third is poor eye habits.
Low birth weight infants and premature infants are the most likely to develop myopia. Low birth weight is caused by fetal growth retardation. Poor maternal nutrition during pregnancy, viral infections, alcohol consumption and smoking, and multiple pregnancies can cause fetal growth retardation and underweight newborns. Acute infectious diseases and chronic diseases during pregnancy, sexual intercourse or overexertion during late pregnancy can cause preterm delivery. Therefore, health care for pregnant women is quite important, and it is directly related to the healthy development of the fetus. Pregnant women should ensure a nutritious diet and pay attention to proper rest and avoid viral infections so as to ensure normal development and health of the fetus. A well-developed fetus can prevent the occurrence of myopia to a great extent.
Children with early myopia usually have these manifestations
1.Frequent blinking
Frequent blinking can increase the clarity of vision, so children will blink frequently when they can’t see something.
2. Squinting or head tilting when looking at things
Squinting when the eyelids can block part of the pupil, can reduce the scattering of light, and thus can temporarily improve and improve vision. Looking at objects with a crooked head can reduce the impact of scattered light on vision, so some children will look at things with a crooked head in the early stages of myopia.
3.Like to pull the corner of the eye
Pulling the corners of their eyes with their hands to the outside when looking at something can have the same effect as tilting their head or squinting. Therefore, children also like to do this when they can’t see well.
4. Sticking their eyes very close to things when looking at them 5. Saying they see things blurry or often look at the wrong person
What should I do if my child has myopia?
1. Go to a regular institution for a dilated eye exam to determine if myopia is true.
If your child has myopia, you should take your child to a regular institution for a dilated eye exam to determine if it is true myopia.
2, true myopia should be timely glasses
True myopia should be promptly dispensed with glasses. If myopia exceeds -2.00D (200 degrees), it is recommended that the child wears them from the morning to bed at night, which is often referred to as a long time wearing way; if the degree of myopia is less than -2.00D, can only wear them in class, if you want to slow down the development of myopia, it is still recommended to wear them for a long time.
3, if the use of lenses after correction of visual acuity is still less than 4.9 (0.8), should be considered to have amblyopia. At this time, in addition to wearing glasses, masking treatment is also required.
If the difference in vision between the two eyes is not much, alternate masking between the two eyes, for example, the left eye today and the right eye tomorrow, to ensure that both eyes can be exercised. If the vision is poor in one eye only, you can cover only the eye with better vision, but at the same time, you should be careful not to cover the good eye continuously to prevent the loss of vision in the good eye.
The notion that wearing glasses will aggravate myopia is wrong
Glasses are only one way to treat myopia, and the development of myopia is not determined by glasses. Once the child is myopic, go to the hospital in time to wear the right number of glasses, if not, because in the usual use of the eyes, the eyes to constantly adjust the vision, but easy to aggravate, accelerate the degree of myopia.
Tips: Myopia usually deepens before the child is 18 years old, even with glasses should be checked regularly.
Prevent myopia should tell your child these knowledge
1. Do not read in cars that are shaky and poorly lit;
2, reading and writing attention to three one: eye from the book a foot, chest from the table a fist, hand from the pen tip an inch;
3, do not stare at the TV, computer, game consoles for a long time, reading and writing after half an hour to pay attention to rest;
4, usually to develop good eye hygiene habits;
5, do not lie down to read books and watch TV.
Parents also need to know 4 things to protect their eyesight
1, children within 6 years old are not recommended to go to see 3D movies
Children under 6 years old are not recommended to go to see 3D movies. Some countries have legislated against 3D movies for younger children. Even the attention span of 7-8 year olds is up to 15-20 minutes, and movies that can easily last for more than 2 hours are a big burden on children’s eyes.
2, careful to buy laser class toys
Take the laser pointer, and ordinary light or flashlight light is different from scattered light, the laser pointer light belongs to parallel light, even if projected far away, the spot is very small, which means that the energy value in the unit area is very high. The macula is a dense area of human retinal pigment, which is more likely to absorb laser energy, so the macula is especially vulnerable to laser thermal radiation. Once the macula is damaged, the vision will be drastically reduced.
3.Develop children’s intelligence at the cost of eye injury
With the development of modern information society and parents’ attention to infants’ intellectual development, many children aged 0 to 6 years old are receiving a lot of visual information passively or actively every day. At this stage of the fastest eye development, children’s eyes will develop from farsightedness (initial developmental state) to orthopia and even myopia (overdevelopmental state) when they are in a close up fine visual environment for a long time (e.g. watching TV, drawing, learning computer, etc.).
Development, if not timely correction with glasses and improve the visual environment, will contribute to the further development of myopia.
4, poor quality sunglasses should not be used
Baby eye sun protection is very necessary. Because the baby’s cornea and lens are clearer than adults, so it is also more vulnerable to ultraviolet light, if you do not pay attention to sun protection, may damage the baby’s corneal epithelium, while the retina macula caused burns, affecting the baby’s vision development, and even for cataracts and other eye diseases laid hidden. So the baby’s summer sun protection efforts can not miss the important part of eye sun protection. Adults can wear sunglasses to protect themselves from the sun, but babies can’t wear them. The main role of sunglasses is to block ultraviolet rays, but poor quality sunglasses are not only unable to shield the harmful rays, but also damage the eyes.
How to effectively prevent myopia in children?
From the age of 4, parents should regularly check the child’s vision, pay attention to whether the child’s vision is normal, myopia, strabismus, amblyopia, problems found in time for diagnosis and treatment.
At the same time, parents should educate their children to
1, into good hygiene habits, to prevent eye infections
Parents should educate their children to develop good hygiene habits, wash their hands regularly, and not rub their eyes with dirty hands.
Prevent sand, dust and other objects from falling into the eyes. Tell your child to blink gently when tiny dust falls into the eyes and let the tears flush out the dust. If grass clippings, small insects
If any grass clippings, small insects, etc. fall into the eyes, close the eyes immediately and ask for help from an adult, turn the upper eyelids over, and then wipe them out with a clean handkerchief, skim cotton, etc. or flush them out with water. Take your child to the water park, pay attention to the water in the pool to meet the health indicators.
In summer, the light is too strong, to prevent children’s eyes from being stabbed by ultraviolet rays, when going out, it is best to give children wear sunglasses, sun hats, etc. to protect their eyes.
2.Educate children to learn eye hygiene
When young children start learning to write and read, it is important to have a good environment and pay attention to cultivating the correct posture of reading and writing.
(1) There should be sufficient light. The light should come from the top left so that there are no dark shadows.
(2) The posture should be correct. To the table end of the work, the upper body should be straight, the head should not be crooked, and do not lean forward excessively, and do not crouch on the table. Eyes and books to maintain a distance of about 33 cm (1 foot).
(3) To purchase a table and chair according to the height of the child, so as to ensure the realization of the correct writing posture, so that the eyes and the book distance to achieve the correct requirements.
(4) To prevent eye muscle fatigue, do not study for too long, take a 10-minute break after 40 minutes of reading, look at distant objects, and do eye exercises.
(5) Children’s writing paper should be used as far as possible non-reflective, non-translucent white paper.
(6)
When watching TV, people and the TV set to maintain a distance of more than 3 times the diagonal of the fluorescent screen, every half hour of TV should let the eyes rest for 15 minutes. In addition, video games are easy to harm children’s eyesight, it is best not to let children play video games
3, pay attention to nutrition, to develop good eating habits
Parents pay attention to the child’s whole body nutrition at the same time, but also pay attention to the child’s eyes nutrition, grains and cereals, meat and vegetables, eat more green vegetables, do not be partial food. Such as lack of vitamins in food is prone to night blindness and dry eye disease, lack of trace elements chromium and calcium in food, prone to myopia. A proper diet can help treat eye diseases. You can eat pork liver and lamb liver, and eat less spicy and oily food to help protect your eyes. Experts suggest that eating too much sweet food is prone to myopia, so proper control of sweet food intake is beneficial to prevent myopia.
Do I need to give my child glasses right away when myopia is detected?
When parents discover myopia in children, they should not rush to give their children glasses, but should distinguish whether the child is truly myopic or pseudomyopia.
The ciliary muscle is often contracted due to inappropriate reading, writing or insufficient lighting, and the lens becomes convex and does not relax easily, so that when parallel light from a distance enters the eye, the focus no longer falls on the retina after the strong refraction of the lens becomes convex, but in front of the retina, making things blurry.
In pseudomyopia, the anterior and posterior diameters of the eye are not lengthened and the structure of the eye is not changed, but only the physiological function is changed. With timely treatment and protection, the ciliary muscle can be relaxed and the vision can be restored to normal.
If the pseudomyopia stage is not taken seriously and continues to develop, the anterior and posterior axes of the eye will become longer and the structure of the eye will change, which means that it will become true myopia and must be corrected with glasses.
What should I do if my child has pseudomyopia?
In addition to attention and good eye hygiene habits, there are also supportive and stimulating therapies that can be used to correct the problem.
The following methods are usually available.
(1) Overlook method: that is, after using the eyes for a period of time, try to look into the distance, look at green trees better. Twice a day, 15 minutes each time.
(2) fog method: daily wear +2.00 +3.00 convex lens (
That is, 200 degrees to 300 degrees of presbyopic glasses) once a day, each time wear a mirror to look far away for 15 to 30 minutes, 10 times in a row for a course of treatment, can be repeated for several courses.
(3) health care exercises: every day after using the eyes for a period of time can do a children’s eye exercises, in order to make the eyes fully rest, relaxation and regulation, to eliminate eye fatigue.