Acute myeloid leukemia is divided into several types ranging from m0 to m7, of which type M5, acute monocytic leukemia, is one of the more common types in clinical practice, with poorer therapeutic effects and a poorer prognosis, but it can’t be said to be the most serious one. Acute mononuclear cell leukemia is a distinct subtype of acute myeloid leukemia, and although there have been significant improvements in treatment in recent years, the case fatality rate is still high and the prognosis is poor. Age, leukocyte count, degree of initial induced remission and prognostic risk stratification are independent prognostic factors for AML-M5. Advanced age, high leukocytes at disease onset, suboptimal induction chemotherapy and concomitant high-risk genetic abnormalities are important indicators of leukemia severity. Specific therapeutic agents include cytarabine and Zoerythromycin, and patients should be treated aggressively under the supervision of their physicians to improve their prognosis.