Hyperlipidemia refers to the excessive fat content in the blood of patients, in recent years, China’s hyperlipidemia patients are increasing year by year, hyperlipidemia is divided into primary hyperlipidemia and secondary hyperlipidemia, what is hyperlipidemia? The following is an introduction for everyone. Fatty substances in the human body are the main source of energy necessary for the body. However, if there is excess fat in the body, it will be deposited in the walls of arteries and produce atherosclerotic plaques under the synergistic effect of other damage factors, which will gradually narrow or block the lumen of blood vessels and cause ischemia or infarction in the tissues and organs supplied with blood. Fat comes from two pathways: in vivo and in vitro. The former is mainly synthesized in the liver, while the latter is ingested from the diet. Common causes: (1) High cholesterol: excessive intake of saturated (animal) fat in the diet, cirrhosis of the liver, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, nephropathy, and hereditary hypercholesterolemia. (2) High triglycerides: excessive caloric intake, alcohol abuse, uncontrolled severe diabetes, kidney disease, certain drugs (e.g. estrogen, etc.) and hereditary hypertriglyceridemia. Hyperlipidemia can be clinically classified as primary or secondary according to its etiology. The latter is caused by other diseases and has a lower incidence. Primary hyperlipidemia may be associated with abnormalities in the relevant genes, lipoproteins and their receptors or enzymes. Through the article, we found that primary hyperlipidemia is related to genetic factors and is a genetic disease caused by genetic defects with a higher incidence, while secondary hyperlipidemia is a metabolic disease that usually occurs together with diabetes and hypertension with a lower incidence.