There are four basic primary treatments for lung cancer: surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Most lung cancer patients need to speak with multiple medical specialists and receive more than one type of treatment. For example, chemotherapy may be given before or after surgery, or before, in conjunction with, or after radiation therapy. Patients should be aware that they need to be seen by doctors from different disciplines, including physicians, thoracic surgeons, radiologists, pathologists, bioimmunologists, TCM doctors, psychologists, and nutritionists in order to communicate well and develop the best treatment plan. First of all: Surgery: Generally speaking, it refers to radical surgery, not palliative surgery. The purpose of radical surgery is to completely remove the lung tumor and the adjacent lymph nodes in the chest cavity. The resected tumor must be surrounded by some normal tissues (called margin). Negative margins are those where the pathologist examines the removed tumor tissue and no cancer cells are found in the normal tissue surrounding the tumor. If lobectomy is not possible, the surgeon performs a wedge resection of the tumor tissue, which must also be surrounded by a normal tissue cut margin. If the tumor is too close to the middle of the chest, the surgery may require a total pneumonectomy. The recovery time after surgery depends on the size of the lung tissue removed and the patient’s preoperative health. Regarding radical surgery, it is important to mention neoadjuvant radiotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy. Adjuvant therapy is a treatment measure taken to reduce the risk of recurrence for patients after radical lung cancer surgery. Adjuvant therapy includes radiotherapy and chemotherapy (and possibly targeted therapy in the future). The goal is to destroy as many cancer cells as possible that may remain in the body. Adjuvant therapy may only reduce the risk of recurrence, but not prevent it. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy refers to radiotherapy given before radical lung cancer surgery in order to achieve a reduced stage, enable patients who cannot achieve radical surgery to have postoperative treatment, reduce postoperative bleeding and other reasons. Second: radiotherapy: radiotherapy is the application of high-energy X-rays or other energy particles to kill tumor cells. As with surgery, patients with extensive metastases are not suitable for radiation therapy. Radiotherapy can only kill the tumor cells in the path of the radiation beam, but it can also kill the normal tissue cells in that path. Therefore, radiotherapy cannot be applied if the area of the body involved in the radiation field is too large. Third: Chemotherapy: chemotherapy is the application of chemical drugs to kill tumor cells. Systemic chemotherapy locates cancer cells through the blood stream to the whole body. Chemotherapy is performed by medical oncologists and is divided into systemic chemotherapy and local chemotherapy. Studies have proven that chemotherapy can improve the quality of life and prolong survival for patients of all stages. Fourth: Targeted therapy: It is a treatment that targets those defective genes and proteins that promote the development of cancer. In some lung cancer cells, these abnormal proteins are usually present in large quantities. The main drugs are angiogenesis inhibitors for systemic intravenous use: bevacizumab (Avastin), epidermal growth factor receptor blockers: cetuximab (Erbitux), and epidermal growth factor receptor blockers for oral use: erlotinib (Troche), gefitinib (ERSA). Of course, lung cancer treatment now emphasizes comprehensive treatment, among which Chinese medicine treatment and biological immunotherapy are notable.