Preventing caries to reduce the harm of oral disease to children: Oral health is an important part of health, not only reflects the quality of life, but also is an important symbol of modern human civilization, and is listed as one of the 10 standards of human health by the World Health Organization. Since 1989, the Ministry of Health, the Education Commission and other ministries have jointly signed the “National Dental Care Day” on September 20 every year. Dental caries has been listed by the World Health Organization as one of the top three priority diseases after cardiovascular disease and cancer. Through the activities of Dental Care Day, the power of the society is widely mobilized to educate the public on the prevention and treatment of dental diseases, enhance the concept of oral health and the awareness of self oral health care, and establish oral health care behavior, so as to improve the oral health level of the whole nation. According to the results of the third national oral health epidemiological survey, the prevalence rates of dental caries among 5-year-old children, 12-year-old children, 35-44-year-old age group and 65-74-year-old age group in China are 66.0%, 28.9%, 88.1% and 98.4% respectively. Among them, the untreated rate is as high as 97.1%, 88.9%, 80.1% and 92.1% respectively. Among them, the prevalence of dental caries among 5-year-old children in China is at a higher level in the world. Children and adolescents are in the period of human growth and development, and oral diseases will have adverse effects on their health and growth. Therefore, children and adolescents are one of the priority groups for oral disease prevention and treatment. Decay is the main manifestation of dental diseases in children and adolescents, and it is also the culprit of tooth loss. The uneven depressions on the occlusal surface of posterior teeth are called sulci, which are defects formed by the cusp fusion obstacle during the development of teeth. The sulcus of each tooth varies in shape and depth, and is a suitable place for bacteria to grow and multiply. In this calm and hidden environment, bacteria use the sugar (carbohydrate) in food to reproduce and grow, and produce acid in the process of metabolism to corrode teeth and form cavities, therefore, the risk of caries is higher in deep sockets. At the same time, the bottom of the sulcus is close to the boundary of enamel dentin or located in the dentin, once the caries occurs, the damage can develop rapidly to the deep, forming the cavity which is small in appearance but deep and big in reality, and this kind of caries is called sulcus caries in medical science. The caries can also spread to the pulp (dental nerve) and lead to pulp inflammation or apical inflammation, which will lead to tooth loss if not treated in time. The back teeth are responsible for the main chewing function, once lost, the chewing function will be greatly reduced, affecting the nutritional intake and growth and development. Many parents believe that the child’s first set of teeth “milk teeth” sooner or later to be replaced, to about 12 years of age all the milk teeth fall out, replaced by permanent teeth is with a lifetime, need to be well protected. This is a misconception. The decayed milk teeth not only cause severe pain, but also have to be extracted in case of irreparable damage. But the milk teeth have two important functions, one is to chew food, and the other is to induce the normal eruption of permanent teeth. Premature loss of baby teeth is not conducive to the maintenance of gaps and may result in disrupted occlusion and malocclusion. The impact of dental disease in children on oral and general health 1.Toothache or tooth loss, causing chewing food function to be affected. 2. Pain caused by dental disease may result in lateral chewing habits, which may lead to asymmetrical facial development over time. 3.Early loss of milk teeth causes adjacent teeth to shift to the gap, resulting in disorder of bite relationship, forming permanent teeth misalignment; if milk teeth caries is not treated in time, it can also cause permanent teeth dysplasia. 4.Tooth loss leads to the loss of the normal physiological stimulation of chewing function, the normal development of children’s jaw bone is affected, which can cause light and heavy malformation of jaw and face. 5, bad oral hygiene conditions and diseases can cause oral odor. 6, the oral cavity is an organic whole, an oral disease treatment is not timely or improper, often can be secondary to other oral diseases. 7, heart disease Oral disease pathogenic bacteria and the toxins they produce can invade the blood, aggravate or cause subacute infective endocarditis, coronary heart disease and other heart diseases. Numerous studies have confirmed that periodontitis is an independent risk factor for acute attacks of coronary heart disease and is significantly associated with acute attacks or total mortality. 8, respiratory diseases Oral diseases are strongly correlated with aspiration pneumonia due to various causes. According to statistics, 80% of the causes of pneumonia are inhalation of secretions from the mouth and pharynx containing bacteria, and most of these secretions are from the mouth. 9, diabetes A large number of studies have shown that there are common risk factors for the development of diabetes and periodontal disease, and each other as high-risk factors. Studies have shown that diabetic patients often have different degrees of oral lesions, and in the diabetic population, the incidence of periodontal disease is high, and the lesions are severely damaged and progress more rapidly. Meanwhile, insulin-dependent diabetic patients with severe periodontitis have significantly poorer glycemic control than patients without periodontal disease. 10, gastrointestinal diseases Peptic ulcers are caused by H. pylori, and there is a large number of H. pylori in the oral cavity, drugs can easily remove H. pylori in the gut, while H. pylori in dental plaque is difficult to remove and becomes a bacterial reservoir. 11.Affect the growth and development The chewing function decreases, causing partial eating and loss of appetite, resulting in the weakening of gastrointestinal digestion and absorption, poor nutrition of the body, and the growth and development are affected. Prevention of dental caries should start from infants and young children. When newborn babies are just born, there will often be certain secretions in the mouth, which is a normal phenomenon and generally do not need to wipe off. In this case, you can feed the baby some warm water regularly to clean the secretion in the mouth to keep the mouth clean. Pay attention to the correct breastfeeding posture, incorrect breastfeeding posture will easily lead to the baby’s poor dental development in the future, such as the “envelope”. It is best for the mother to gently scrub the gums and palate with sterile gauze wrapped around her finger after breastfeeding and every night. The mother should start cleaning the baby’s teeth as soon as the baby’s milk teeth erupt. The method is to use sterilized gauze wrapped around the second finger, dipped in saline or distilled water to scrub the front and back of the teeth, twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening; young children should slowly learn to brush their teeth when they are 1 to 2 years old, and develop good oral hygiene habits. Regular oral health examination to prevent caries as early as possible. Conduct oral health examination once every six months, find out the problem at any time and deal with it in time, so as to facilitate the healthy growth of infants and toddlers. 3~4 years old can go to the dental hospital to have the occlusal surface of upper and lower milk molar teeth coated with sulcus sealant to achieve the purpose of caries prevention. Vulval closure is to apply a kind of material which is harmless to human body on the sulcus of teeth to protect teeth from bacteria and acidic metabolite erosion and form an effective protection barrier to prevent caries. The sulcus closure is applicable to the milk and permanent molars (commonly known as plate teeth) with deep sulcus, the corresponding eponymous teeth on the opposite side are carious or have the tendency to be carious, and the teeth are fully erupted to the occlusal plane. The most suitable age for the closure is 3-4 years for the milk molar, 6-9 years for the first permanent molar and 11-13 years for the second permanent molar. However, it is not a one-time fix and requires careful brushing. In addition, there is a certain rate of loss of the sealant, and if the child has a lot of saliva when it is closed, it will not be strong and will fall off easily. Therefore, it is recommended that parents take their children to the hospital every six months to check their teeth, and if the sealant falls off or breaks, they should redo the closure. For teeth that have been erupted for more than 4 years without caries and have been filled and self-cleaned, they can not be closed, but regular check-ups should be done for these teeth. How to do the closure? The specific operation method is: 1.Cleaning teeth – use soft bristle toothbrush to remove the food residue and bacteria retained in the sulcus. 2.Tooth acid etching – apply acid etching agent to facilitate the penetration of the sulcus sealant to achieve the sealing effect. 3.Blow dry, remove the water retained in the sulcus, so as not to affect the curing of the sulcus sealant and the adhesion strength with the tooth surface. 4, light curing lamp under the light for 10-20 seconds, check the curing, occlusion. After a lot of clinical research and tracking observation, it shows that the gutter closure can stop the progress of the initial caries and prevent the caries effectively. Nowadays, it is more and more commonly used in the prevention of child caries. After having the sulcus closure, it does not isolate the “caries” and other dental diseases. Brushing, scaling, flossing and other conventional cleaning methods should still be adhered to. Brushing is the most basic method to keep the oral cavity clean, although the sulcus is “closed”, so that food residue cannot accumulate there, but the whole oral cavity still has to be cleaned, to remove the food residue in the oral cavity, to eliminate the soft white dirt and part of the plaque in the oral cavity, especially the cervical part (the junction of teeth and gums); and the interdental space, advocate the use of Flossing and toothbrushing to remove food residue and plaque after meal. Otherwise, there is also a risk of periodontal disease and decay. Tooth cleaning once a year must also be insisted. The purpose of guttering is to prevent dental caries, and the purpose of scaling is to remove plaque, tartar and tartar, and clean the oral environment to prevent periodontal disease. Only in this way can we have a healthy and beautiful teeth.